基于“相似性”本质的行政特许界定及其应用  

On Defining the Administrative Franchise with the Nature of “Similarity”and Its Application

作　　者：翟翌[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2016年第1期144-161,共18页China Legal Science

基　　金：重庆大学中央高校基本科研业务费 ( 项目批准号:106112015CDJXY080002) 的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从与现代行政特许有渊源的中世纪封建特许、近代特许公司、公务特许、公产使用特许、民商事特许、规制经济学特许中,可以提炼出"相似性"的特许共有本质。在此基础上经由法律关系框架界定行政特许。与普通许可相比,行政特许之"特"在于:被特许人所为的是相似于行政主体的活动,享有的与行政主体"相似的权利"是"本不属于被特许人"且"源于行政主体"的权利,被特许人往往还须负担类似于政府的义务。本界定的应用价值在于:既往行政特许定义实际上大多只是个别"特征",基于"相似性"本质的界定可对它们进行完满统合;"相似性"意味着行政特许内容可随行政主体权利义务变化而发展,是开放性的界定;行政主体虽不直接参与但承担间接潜在义务,这种"若即若离"的关系不仅解决了规制经济学揭示的问题,也克服了其他完成行政任务方式的各种缺陷。Taking the historical and comparative ways, extracts the common nature ＂similarity＂ of franchises from modem administrative franchise , medieval feudal franchise, modem chartered company, public affair franchise, the use of public property franchise, civil and commercial franchise, and regulation economics franchise. On this base and through the law relationship framework, defines administrative franchise. Compared with license, the administrative franchise is special in the franchisees＇ activities similar to the administrative subject, and have the similar rights which originally do not belong to them but originate from administrative subjects, the franchisees have to undertake the similar obligations as the government may have while they obtain the rights. The value of this definition is： Most definitions in the past are only for individual feature, but the concept of similarity could completely integrate the system and theories; Similarity is an open defining method which means the contents can be developed with the changes of rights and obligations of administrative subjects; Government does not involved directly but still undertakes the potential obligations, such lukewarm relationship not only solves the problems of regulation economics disclosure, but also overcomes the defects of other ways to complete administrative tasks.

关 键 词：行政特许 相似性 规制经济学 行政任务委外方式 

分 类 号：D922.181[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]