南麂列岛海洋自然保护区虾类群落结构及其多样性  

Community structure and diversity of shrimp in Nanji Islands marine conservation area

作　　者：夏陆军[1] 俞存根[1] 蔡厚才 郑基[1] 陈万东 伍尔魏 毕耜瑶 谢旭[1] 郭小雨[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋学院水产学院,浙江舟山316024 [2]南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区管理局,浙江平阳325401

出　　处：《海洋学报》2016年第2期73-83,共11页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31270527);南麂列岛国家海洋自然保护区管理局委托项目(NJKJ-2013-003)

摘　　要：南麂列岛海洋自然保护区是国务院批准建立的我国首批5个国家级海洋自然保护区之一,素以海洋生物,特别是贝藻类生物资源丰富、种类繁多而著称,俗称"贝藻王国",也是众多渔业资源繁殖、索饵、生长的良好场所。本文根据2013年11月、2014年2、5、9月在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区开展渔业资源底拖网调查所获得的虾类资料,对南麂列岛海洋自然保护区的虾类种类组成、优势种、物种数量空间分布及多样性、相似性等群落结构特征的影响因素进行了研究。结果得知,调查海域共鉴定出虾类种类25种,隶属于9科17属,不同季节优势种更替较显著,虾类种数各季节间变化较为稳定,岛礁区的虾类种类数高于沿岸区,夏季多样性低于其他季节,虾类种类数和多样性指数平面分布相似,地形、水深和水系等环境因素对虾类群落结构影响较大;分布在南麂列岛调查海域的虾类以季节性的广温广盐性种类为主,虾类一般生活在有利于索饵、成长的泥沙底质沿岸区,夏季受台湾暖流、食物链中的鱼类捕食关系影响,其生物多样性较低,虾类多样性分布随水深变化明显,这可能主要是由于调查海域的主要优势种虾类活动范围与水深有关。Nanji Islands marine conservation area is one of the first five national marine nature reserves in our coun try established by the approval of the state council,which has a reputation for marine life,especially for the abun dance and variety of shellfishes and algae, called ＂kingdom of shellfishes and algae＂. It is the good place for spawning, feeding and growing fishes and shrimps. The shrimp data is based on bottom trawl surveys surveys in No- vember, 2013 and in February, May, and September, 2014 in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area, the influ- ence of community characteristics factors of species composition, dominance species, diversity, similarity were stud- ied in the Nanji Islands marine conservation area according to the four seasons＇ survey data and the catch rates was used as the quantitative index of shrimp resources distribution. The result showed, a total of 25 species were identi- fied, which belonged to 17 genera in 9 families, and the seasonal variation of the dominant species seasonal succes- sion phenomenon is very obvious; the seasonal change of shrimp species number is not obvious, and shrimp species number in reef areas outside of the open ocean is quite higher, the biodiversity indices in summer is lower than the other seasons, the shrimp species number of plane distribution is similar to the biodiversity indices, and environmen- tal factors such as terrain, water depth and water system have a greater influence on the community structure; the shrimp species types is mainly belonged to seasonal, eurythermic and euryhaline, shrimp general life in bottom silt coast area which benefit to bait and grow up, the reason of biodiversity indices in summer is lower than the other seasons is Taiwan warm current and food chain fish predation relations have a strong influence on this area, shrimp diversity distribution changes with the depth of the water distribution is obvious, it is mainly due to range of shrimps＇ activity of the main dominant species related to the depth of the water i

关 键 词：虾类 生物多样性 群落结构 南麂列岛海洋自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学]