黄河流域中下游地区棉花物候和产量对气候变暖的响应  

Responses of Cotton Phenology and Yield to Climate Warming in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yellow River Valley

作　　者：张丽霞[1] 马改改[1] 茹靖益 

机构地区：[1]河南大学生命科学学院,植物逆境生物学重点实验室/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南开封475004

出　　处：《棉花学报》2016年第1期87-94,共8页Cotton Science

基　　金：河南省科技创新人才项目(114200510016)

摘　　要：探明气候变暖对棉花物候和产量的影响,旨在为经济的发展和未来棉花产量的预测提供基础的理论依据。本文利用红外线辐射器模拟增温,研究棉花的物候和产量对气候变暖的响应。结果表明,土壤温度升高0.6℃使棉花的花铃期提前3 d,全生育期的长度延长2 d;增温使棉花花铃期和吐絮期的叶片净光合速率分别提高5.4%和14.7%,使棉花平均蕾和棉铃数分别增加7.4%和7.2%;增温也使成熟期的植株生物量和棉铃的干物质分配指数分别提高32.2%和11.0%,而且也使全株的棉铃重和地上生物量分别增加30.4%和38.1%;增温最终导致棉花的产量提高23.6%。这项研究表明,气候变暖可能有利于黄河中下游地区棉花产量的提高。Exploring the effects of climate change on cotton phenology and yield could stimulate economic development and forecast cotton yield under future climate wanning. In this study, a field wanning experiment involving infrared radiators was conducted to investigate the responses of cotton phenology and yield to climate wanning. A 0.6 ℃ rise of soil temperature was shown to advance the flower and boll stage by 3 days, and to extended the entire growth stage by 2 days. Wanning also pro- foundly enhanced the leaf net photosynthetic rate at the flower and boll stage, and boll opening stage by 5.4% and 14.7%, re- spectively. During the growing stage, wanning significantly increased the mean square and boll number of cotton by 7.4% and 7.2%, respectively. It also remarkablely enhanced the total plant biomass and distribution coefficient of the boll biomass by 32.2% and 11.0%,respectively, at the mattwity stage, and significantly increased the boll mass per plant and above ground biomass per plant by 30.4% and 38.1%, respectively. Finally, warming also stimulated the cotton yield by 23.6%. This study sug- gests that climate wanning may facilitate cotton yield in the region of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

关 键 词：气候变暖 棉花 物候 光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]