温和地区阳台壁挂式平板型太阳能热水器水量配比优化  

Optimization of tank-volume-to-collector-area ratio for balcony wall-mounted flat-plate solar water heater in mild region of China

作　　者：魏生贤[1,2] 胡粉娥[3] 晏翠琼[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]曲靖师范学院物理与电子工程学院,曲靖655011 [2]曲靖师范学院云南省高校先进功能材料及低维材料重点实验室,曲靖655011 [3]曲靖师范学院化学化工学院,曲靖655011

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第3期195-201,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：NSFC-云南联合基金重点项目(U1137605);云南省科技厅面上项目(2013FZ111);曲靖师范学院科技创新团队项目(TD201301)

摘　　要：基于温和地区9城市的典型气象数据,利用所建数学模型对阳台壁挂式平板型太阳能热水器的水量配比和太阳能保证率进行了计算,并讨论了方位角对水量配比的影响。结果显示,南向阳台壁挂式太阳能热水器春、夏、秋、冬4季和全年水量配比的取值范围分别为28~51、21~41、31~53、37~57和31~47 kg/m2。为便于应用,给出了南向阳台壁挂式太阳能热水器季均和年均水量配比与倾角间相关系数大于0.99的线性回归关系式。对于非南向阳台壁挂式太阳能热水器,季均和年均水量配比的方位角因子随方位角的增大而逐渐减小。倾角为60°~90°、方位角为10°~90°时,季均和年均水量配比的方位角因子分别位于0.57~1.00和0.72~1.00之间。方位角分别小于20°和30°时,方位角对冬季水量配比和春、夏、秋3季及年均水量配比的影响约为5%;方位角分别小于30°和40°时,方位角对上述水量配比的影响约为10%。进一步讨论发现,温和地区南向阳台壁挂式太阳能热水器的年均太阳能保证率位于0.55~0.70之间,推广应用潜力较大。Solar water heaters are widely used in urban and rural China. The Home Appliances to the Countryside program from government further expands its application in rural areas. In the end of 2010, there were 168 million square meters of installed solar heaters, with an annual primary energy saving of 20 Mtce. The total installation is very likely to reach 250 million square meters in 2015 and at least 600 million square meters in 2020. In the 2009 Copenhagen UN Climate Change Summit, president Hu Jintao pledged to the international community to reduce the CO2 intensity of the economy by 40% to 45% by 2020 on the baseline level of 2005. Meanwhile, the share of non-fossil energy is also expected to rise to 15%. Application of solar water heaters will help to achieve this goal. The thermal performance of the flat-plate type solar energy water heater has been studied globally. In order to ensure the efficient operation of the solar water heater and user＇s demand to the terminal temperature of a tank, the countries all over the world with different climate have given different recommended value for water-mass-to-collector-area ratio （the ratio is abbreviated as MAR） of the flat-plate solar water heater. However, China has a vast territory and its climate is complex. The value range of recommended value from literatures is too large to be used to practical application. The main residential buildings in large and medium-sized cities are mostly high-rise buildings. The solar water heater installed on roof can only meet hot water use for the top six to eight floors. The application of the balcony wall-mounted solar water heater is one of the effective ways to solve hot water needs for the rest of users in high-rise buildings. Based on the typical meteorological data of nine cities in mild region of China, the values of MAR of the balcony wall-mounted flat-plate solar water heater have been calculated by using the established mathematical model. The water tank terminal temperature of 60℃, the collector angle of 60°-90

关 键 词：太阳能 热水器 优化 水量配比 方位角 方位角因子 太阳能保证率 

分 类 号：TK519[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]