多级串联表面流人工湿地净化生活污水效果  

Sewage purification effect of multi-series surface flow constructed wetland

作　　者：万玉文[1,2] 郭长强[1] 茆智[1] 李新建 崔远来[1] 赵树君[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]广西水利电力职业技术学院,南宁530023 [3]广西壮族自治区灌溉试验中心站,桂林541199

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第3期220-227,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130141110014);广西水利科技项目(No.201423;No.201211);2012年度广西高校优秀人才资助计划(No.97)

摘　　要：农村生活污水已经成为农业面源污染的主要来源之一。为了研究如何在经济发展水平不高的农村建立能有效治理农村生活污水,且建设成本低、运行维护简单的人工湿地系统,该文通过在桂林市青狮潭灌区构建了多级串联的表面流人工湿地系统,研究分析了不同子系统的水质净化效果及相关检测指标浓度的沿程变化规律。研究结果表明,湿地系统对氮磷的去除效率总体呈现出随时间推移逐渐下降的趋势,同时湿地的表面积越大,其对氮磷的去除率越高。研究还发现,该湿地系统对高浓度进水具有快速、稳定的去除效果,而对低浓度进水的营养盐去除则表现得较为平缓和持久。通过对湿地系统沿程氮磷浓度衰减的拟合及回归分析,建立了与湿地系统进口浓度有关的TN、NH4+-N和TP浓度的沿程衰减模型,相关分析表明其最佳的拟合模型均为指数衰减模型。该湿地系统在整个试验时期内均表现出了良好的净化效果,有效地减轻了农村生活污水对外界水环境的破坏,指数衰减模型的建立也为后续湿地设计及排水水质预测提供了理论分析依据。Rural domestic sewage has become one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution. In order to develop effective treatment of domestic sewage in less development rural areas with low cost in construction and simple in maintenance, we studied a multi-series system of surface flow constructed wetland to treat rural sewage in Qingshitan irrigation district in Guilin City, Guangxi Province, China. The purification effect of different subsystems and the nutrient concentration variation at each stage were studied and analyzed. The results showed that the nutrient removal efficiency of the overall wetland system presented a trend of gradual decline over time. At the same time, the greater the surface area of the wetland was, the higher the removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus were. However, the differences of removal rate of nitrogen and phosphorus affected by temperature could be ignored because the change of daily temperature was relatively stable during the test period （April to September）. Total nitrogen （TN） and NH4＋-N （ammonium nitrogen） was high at earlier stage and low at late period of the inlet for the whole study period. The average removal rate decreased from 83.8% and 84.7% to 65.0% and 57.0%, for TN and NHg＋-N, respectively. There was no significant correlation between inlet concentration and removal rate （P〉0.05） for nitrogen. The inlet concentration of TP （total phosphorus） showed no obvious change, but its removal rate presented sharply decline from 82.2% at the inlet to 21.2% at the outlet. This was caused by a strong phosphorus adsorption by sediment and phosphorus use by microorganisms. Nevertheless, there was still 21.2% TP was not removed. This demonstrated limitations of TP removal capacity on surface flow constructed wetlands in comparison with the subsurface flow constructed wetlands. The average removal rate of TN, NHa＋-N and TP were 76.3%, 70.8% and 60.5%, respectively of the whole system. There could be a better purification result with a large

关 键 词：污水 污染 N P 水质净化 表面流湿地 多级串联 沿程衰减模型 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]