基于FDS+EVAC的建筑火灾和应急响应研究  

Research on building fire and emergency response based on FDS+EVAC

作　　者：黄金磊[1,2,3] 朱国庆[1,2,3] 李俊毅[1,2,3] 张国维[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学安全工程学院,江苏徐州221116 [2]中国矿业大学煤矿瓦斯与火灾防治教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学消防工程研究所,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2016年第2期152-156,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20131117);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

摘　　要：利用FDS＋EVAC对某中庭式建筑火灾发展和人员疏散进行联合模拟,分析火灾环境和人员疏散规律,探讨基于数值模拟指导安全评估和应急响应的技术方法.模拟结果表明：救援人员应优先选择火源附近危险来临时间最长的2号安全出口实施灭火救援行动;205 s之后,就近选择出口1～4的人员在火灾产物的影响下改变了疏散方向,导致相反方向出口5～8出现拥堵现象,需要制定有效方案及时疏导;可通过分流措施来缓解出现拥堵现象出口的疏散压力.基于FDS＋EVAC预判火灾危害和人员疏散情况,建立建筑火灾智能应急响应平台,结合火灾蔓延和人员疏散情况为救援人员制定合理的救援路线,利用消防控制系统适当调整疏散指示标志的方向来提供疏散指示路线,实现分阶段疏散,使用消防广播等疏导拥堵人员,实现分流.Simulation of the atrium building fire and evacuation with the FDS-t-EVAC was carried out to analyze the environ- mental parameters of the fire and evacuation rules, to study the technical method of security assessment and emergency re- sponse based on numerical simulation. Results showed that the time before dangerous of exits 2 was relatively long, and then rescue workers should prefer to choose exit 2 to enter the build- ing in order to directly put out the fire. After 205 s, the people who originally selected exit 1~4 based on proximity, changed the escape routes to exit 5 ~ 8 under the influence of the fire. According to this phenomenon, the effective and timely guid- ance was necessary, and while diversion measures needed to be taken to ease evacuation pressures for crowed exit. Building fire emergency response platform can be established by anticipating the fire hazard and evacuation with FDS＋EVAC. Combined with fire and evacuation, it can make reasonable route for res- cuers and provide reliable and effective evacuation instructions with the use of fire evacuation signs, and can ease the crowd by fire radio.

关 键 词：火灾 FDS EVAC 应急响应 智能疏散 应急 救援 运动模型 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU24[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]