稻茬田小麦宽幅精量少耕播种机的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of broad width and precision minimal tillage wheat planter in rice stubble field

作　　者：胡红[1] 李洪文[1] 李传友[2] 王庆杰[1] 何进[1] 李问盈[1] 张祥彩[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]北京市农业机械试验鉴定推广站,北京100079

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第4期24-32,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201503136)

摘　　要：为解决长江中下游稻麦轮作区稻茬田免耕播种小麦机具堵塞及土壤黏附严重等问题,结合当地稻茬田播种小麦需要开排水沟的农艺要求,提出了"种-肥-种"宽幅精量播种和带状旋耕相结合的防堵思路,设计了双翼铧式开沟器、宽幅精量排种机构、种沟双圆盘开沟器和浮动覆土板等关键部件,研究设计了一种稻茬田小麦宽幅精量少耕播种机。试验结果表明,宽幅播种方式与带状旋耕相结合较好解决了稻茬田播种小麦堵塞的问题,小麦播幅平均为74.6 mm,平均播深为39 mm,播深合格率为86.7%,施肥方式为侧下方深施肥,平均施肥深度为81 mm,施肥深度合格率为93.3%,均满足国家标准。厢沟平均深度为175 mm,沟面宽度为238 mm,满足排水要求。该研究为应用于稻麦轮作区稻茬田小麦少免耕播种机的设计提供了参考。Lacking of suitable machinery and heavy blocking are the major constraints for directly drilling wheat seed in rice stubble field due to the heavy straw load and heavy soil in rice-wheat cropping system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region. Therefore, most farmers are reluctant to plant wheat in winter and a large number of croplands are idled. In order to solve the blocking problem in rice-wheat cropping system in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River region, in view of meeting the agronomic requirements of opening ditch and reducing soil adhesion when sowing wheat in rice stubble field, a new anti-blocking method was proposed, which combined “seed-fertilizer-seed” broad width and precision planting mode with strip rotary tillage, and a broad width and precision minimal-tillage wheat planter was developed, which integrated the strip rotary tillage and broad width and precision seeding functions, and could finish ditch opening, strip rotary tillage, side deep fertilizing, broad width and precision seeding, and covering and compacting soil in the same run. Besides, the design and optimization for the key components were done, including double-wing ditch opener, double-shaft spiral indent roller seed-metering device and floating covering scraper. The stubbles among seed-fertilizer belts were cut and mixed with soil, and double-wing ditch openers dug the drainage ditch at the same time. The mean width of seed-fertilizer belts was 338 mm, in which 2 rows of seed and one row of fertilizer were set. The floating covering scraper was little wider than the seed-fertilizer belt, and when covering seeds and compacting soil in seed-fertilizer belts, it made ensure that there was good contact between seeds and soil. To evaluate the technology and the planter, laboratory experiments were conducted in Engineering College of China Agricultural University and field trials were conducted in Tuanfeng, Hubei Province. The laboratory experiments demonstrated that each indent of double-shaft spi

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 农作物 稻茬田 条带旋耕 防堵 

分 类 号：S223.26[农业科学—农业机械化工程]