基于防护保证率的农田防护林林带间距调控  

Farmland shelterbelt interval setting based on protection insurance rate

作　　者：朱乐奎 刘彤[1] 郑波[1] 孙钦明[1] 韩志全[2] 刘尊驰 张礼春[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,石河子832003 [2]石河子大学理学院,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第4期185-190,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2014BAC14B02)

摘　　要：农田防护林林带间距的设置关系到防护林防护效益和农田单位经济效益的权衡。该文以新疆南疆枣树防护林为例,引用水文学中防护保证率的概念和方法,以枣树受风害危害的概率特征为基础,兼顾防护林防风生态效益和经济效益最大为目标,建模分析和野外试验相结合,研究了农田防护林林带间距调控方法。结果表明:1)运用防护保证率的方法能够实现对农田防护林防风生态效益与经济效益权衡的优化;2)枣树防护林的防护保证率在95%,林带间距为132.1 m左右时,单位经济价值达到最优,高出常规防护林间距经济产量6.2%;3)林带疏透度为0.34大于疏透度为0.49的防护效益。该研究可为农田防护林林带间距定量调控提供参考。Setting appropriate farmland shelterbelt intervals is critical for ensuring an appropriate trade-off between shelterbelt protection benefits and unit economic benefits. If the shelterbelt interval is very large, the protection benefits will be reduced, and consequently the crops will suffer serious damage; however, if the shelterbelt interval is very small, more farmland area will be occupied, resulting in crop failure. With the development of precision and intensive agriculture, a new agricultural concept has been developed in which the ecological benefits that shelterbelts provide through the prevention of wind damage can be optimized against the economic benefits. In this study, we chose the jujube （Ziziphus jujuba） shelterbelts in southern Xinjiang, China as an example to develop a model for calculating a protection guarantee rate and farmland economic benefits, using the concept and method of the protection guarantee rate from hydrology. The protection guarantee rate was used to describe the number of wind damage incidents in this region, and the Weibull curve was used for the fitting of the number of wind damage incidents per hour in which the wind speed was greater than the threshold value during the jujube flowering phase. The results showed that the Weibull curve provided a good fitting for the number of wind damage incidents in the study area（R2=0.88）. The farmland economic benefits included the protection benefits of shelterbelts with different levels of aerodynamic porosity and their corresponding economic benefits. These protection benefits were obtained from the field experiments, using a wind speed profile meter at a height of 1.5 m in 5 representative shelterbelts in the study area, which showed that the shelterbelt protection benefits were the greatest at a porosity of 0.34. The economic benefits were calculated by considering both expenditure and income; the expenditure included the amount that was spent on managing and maintaining the shelterbelt, and on planting and maintaining the juj

关 键 词：模型 作物 优化 防护保证率 南疆 枣树 危害风速 经济效益 

分 类 号：S727.24[农业科学—林木遗传育种]