基于L-THIA和GIS的辽河源头区小流域非点源污染负荷变化分析  

GIS and L-THIA Based Change Analysis of Small Watershed Non-Point Pollution in Liaohe River Source Area

作　　者：吕川[1] 陈明辉[1] 齐琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省环境科学研究院,长春130012

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第6期106-112,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技重大专项项目"水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项""辽河源区域水质管控与生态系统修复及示例研究课题"(2009ZX07208-006)

摘　　要：农业非点源污染是导致流域水质恶化的重要原因之一。笔者选择了辽河源区域作为研究目标,重点研究辽河流域的小型水系,使用所处位置的土地状况以及日降雨量数据,基于长期水文影响评价模型L-THIA,以GIS空间分析技术为平台,对研究区的总氮、硝态氮、总磷、COD和可溶磷5种非点源污染物的污染输出负荷进行估算,并分析了其空间分布特征。结果表明:总氮、硝态氮和总磷3种污染物的单位网格污染物输出负荷的空间分布较为一致,可溶磷和COD污染输出负荷分布各有特点。区内的农用地域污染一般都是农田抑或是村里闲置的土地。经研究发现,越是干旱的区域会使得调查数据分布影响越大,对总氮、硝态氮和总磷的贡献率分别达到了82.57%、80.02%和92.92%,村镇用地对可溶磷的污染负荷分布影响最大,而水田对COD污染输出负荷作用明显。根据不同污染物输出负荷并结合土地利用现状,采用GIS空间叠加和融合技术,将研究区划分为4个非点源污染控制区,分区结果能够为非点源污染控制提供科学依据。Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the great causes of water quality deterioration. Theauthors chose the Liaohe River source area as the research objective and took the research of small watershedof Liaohe River as key task. The authors estimated the output load of non- point source pollution of totalnitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, total phosphorus, COD and soluble phosphorus based on Long- Term HydrologicImpact Assessment（L-THIA） model and GIS spatial analysis technology with the land status and daily rainfalldata. The results showed that the spatial distributions of unit grid pollution output load of total nitrogen, nitratenitrogen and total phosphorus were consistent, but the output loads of soluble phosphorus and COD weredifferent. Regional agricultural non-point source pollution was mainly concentrated in farmland and idle land.The distribution influence of survey data was bigger when this region was arid, the contribution rates of totalnitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus were 82.57%, 80.02% and 92.92%. The effect of village andtown land on soluble phosphorus pollution load distribution was the biggest and paddy field had obvious effecton COD output load. According to different pollution output loads and the current land use situation, based onthe support of GIS spatial overlay and fusion technology, the research area could be divided into four non-pointsource pollution control areas, the results could offer scientific basis for non-point source pollution control.

关 键 词：农业非点源污染 辽河源头区 L-THIA模型 GIS 土地利用 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]