不同基质配比对黄瓜幼苗质量的影响  

Effect of Different Compound Substrates on Cucumber Seedling

作　　者：梁新安[1] 梁芳芳[1] 李庆伟[1] 张丹[1] 刘文革[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业职业学院,郑州451450

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第4期77-82,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：河南省现代农业产业技术体系大宗蔬菜中牟综合试验站资助项目(Z2010-03-04)

摘　　要：为提高农作物再利用,减少对不可再生资源的依赖,以温室越冬茬黄瓜专用品种‘博杰52’为试材,以传统的草炭-蛭石-珍珠岩混合基质作对照,采用随机区组设计,用电导率测定仪、便携式叶绿素仪和光合测定仪等常用电子仪器,监测6种不同基质配比的理化性质及其对黄瓜幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:在黄瓜育苗中,取一定量的花生壳代替草炭,能提高混配基质的总孔隙度,并有效改善其理化性质;其中播种后40天,黄瓜的株高、茎粗、株幅、叶面积、地上干重和地下干重等均高于对照,以处理4(花生壳:蛭石:珍珠岩=3:1:1)和处理2(花生壳:草炭:蛭石=1:1:1)最为明显。与对照相比,处理4叶片浓绿、代表叶片的叶绿素含量为47.03 mg/g;净光合速率和光合有效辐射也均高于对照,分别为13.83、512μmol/(m2·s),蒸腾速率较低为2.28 mmol/(m^2·s);此外,光化学量子产量Y(Ⅱ)为0.65,表明叶片中叶绿素含量较高,ETR为82.6,说明表观电子传递速率高,利于黄瓜叶片进行光合作用;综合各项指标,处理4适合黄瓜育苗且幼苗质量优于对照,而生产成本低于对照,可在生产上推广使用。In order to improve the utilization rate of agricultural waste and reduce dependence on non-renewable resource, taking‘Bojie 52＇cucumber as experiment material, and traditional peat, perlite andvermiculite media as contrast, the authors studied the physical and chemical properties of six substrates withdifferent mixing proportions of peanut shell, cow dung, peat, perlite and vermiculite, and their effect oncucumber seedling culture. A random block design was adopted with the electrical conductivity meter, portablechlorophyll meter and optical instrument and so on. The results indicated that the physical and chemicalproperties of the used peanut shell and cow dung compound substrate were within the standard range of nurseryfor cucumber seedling. After 40 days＇ growing on different compound substrates, the cucumber plant height,stem diameter, leaf area, dry weight over ground and dry weight underground were higher than those of thecontrol, and the effects of treatment 4（peanut shell： vermiculite： perlite=3：1：1） and treatment 2（peanut shell：peat： vermiculite=1：1：1） were the most obvious. Compared with the control, treatment 4（peanut shell：vermiculite： perlite=3：1：1） had deep green leaves, the leaf chlorophyll content of representative leaves was47.03 mg/g; net photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic active radiation were higher than those of the control,which were 13.83 and 512 μmol/（m^2· s）, respectively, the transpiration rate was low as 2.28 mmol/（m^2· s）;photochemical quantum yield Y（Ⅱ） was 0.65. It indicated that the contents of chlorophyll in the leaves werehigher. ETR was 82.6, which showed that the apparent electron transfer rate was high, which was beneficial forphotosynthesis. The compound substrate of treatment 4 was suitable for cucumber seedling nursery, and hadhigh quality seedling and low cost, so it could be promoted in production.

关 键 词：基质 黄瓜 育苗 理化性质 光合作用 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]