农田土壤机械压实及改进技术  

Farmland Soil Mechanized Compaction and Improvement Techniques

作　　者：卢秉福[1] 宋柏权[2] 周艳丽[3] 吴庆峰[1] 韩卫平[2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学科技处,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江大学农作物研究院,哈尔滨150080 [3]黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第5期173-177,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目资助"甜菜机械化栽培农机与农艺技术融合研究"(12541636)

摘　　要：近年来随着农业机械化水平的快速提高,土壤机械压实问题越来越突出。通过分析机组轴载荷、进地次数、高湿作业等产生土壤机械压实的原因,阐述了机械压实后土壤容重、坚实度、孔隙度、含水率等物理特性的变化以及引起的机组作业阻力的增加、油耗上升、对作物生长的不利影响等负面作用,提出了在农业机械化技术方面采用固定道作业系统、减轻机器质量、采用低压轮胎、避免土壤高湿时机耕作业、采取联合作业等和在农艺技术方面增加土壤有机质、加强作物轮作等减轻土壤压实的农机与农艺技术融合措施,改善土壤压实情况,确保农业生产的可持续性并获得较好的效益。In recent years, soil mechanized compaction is becoming an increasingly prominent problem withthe rapid development of agricultural mechanization. Through the analysis of the reasons of soil compactioncaused by tractor-unit＇s shaft load, pass numbers and operation in wet soil, the soil changes were expoundedincluding physical properties of soil bulk density, hardness, porosity, moisture content and so on, which causedthe increase of the tractor-unit operation resistance and the raise of fuel consumption, and a negative impact oncrop growth. Some synthesized measures were put forward, including agricultural mechanization techniquessuch as the operation system of fixed path, the reduction of machine mass, the use of low-pressure tires,avoiding operation in high humidity field and adopting joint operations, as well as agronomic techniques suchas increasing soil organic matter and crop rotation, to improve soil compaction, ensure sustainable agriculturaldevelopment and obtain better results of crop production.

关 键 词：农业机械化 土壤压实 农作物 农田 

分 类 号：S233.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]