国际共产主义运动史纲(从19世纪中叶到21世纪初)(连载之十) 第一次社会主义革命俄国十月革命一国首胜  

Extraordinary Victory of the October Revolution in Russia,the First Socialist Revolution

作　　者：高放[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京海淀100872

出　　处：《中国延安干部学院学报》2015年第6期39-70,共32页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Yan’an

摘　　要：1914年同盟国和协约国两大帝国主义军事集团为争夺世界霸权、防止国内革命而爆发世界大战,大多数社会党背叛无产阶级转去保卫本国资产阶级政府,只有布尔什维克党高举反战和革命旗帜。列宁提出社会主义革命可能在一国首先胜利和帝国主义是资本主义最高阶段的新理论。布尔什维克艰苦卓绝的斗争促进了俄国1917年取得二月民主革命胜利。推翻沙皇专制政府,随后俄国出现资产阶级临时政府和工农兵代表苏维埃两个政权并存的特殊局面。1917年俄国党四月代表会议制定了从民主革命和平过渡到社会主义的方针。资产阶级临时政府4月、6月、7月发生的三次危机,加紧对人民的镇压,7月党的六大改变为采取武装起义、推翻临时政府的方针,争取"全部政权归苏维埃"。列宁精心巧妙策划,托洛茨基等领导人大力宣传组织和全体党员、广大工兵坚决实践行动,促进了十月社会主义革命一国首胜。十月革命胜利有六对特定原因。十月革命是俄国特定国情、特殊机遇的特异成果,在别国难以重复再现。十月革命有四重世界意义,它的基本经验教训对当今和今后世界社会主义的发展仍有重大深远影响。As a result of competingfor world domination between the Allies and Central Powers, the two military blocs, and for preventing civil revolution, the First World War broke out in 1914. Most social parties abandoned the proletarian class and turned to support the capitalist governments of their countries except the Bolsheviks, who upheld the banners of anti - war and revolution. Lenin advanced his ideas that socialism can be achieved first in one country and Imperialism is the ultimate stage of capitalism. The extraordinary efforts of the Bolsheviks promoted the February Revolution, which overthrew the Tsarist autocracy and a period of special situation, ＂dual power＂ ensued. In April the Russian Party Congress set up a guideline for changing the democratic revolution peacefully to a socialist one. The capitalist Provisional Government, having suffered 3 crises respectively in April, June and November, stepped up its suppression of the people. In November the party changed its guideline and decided to start a military uprising and overthrow the provisional government to grant ＂all power to the Soviets＂. The October Revolution distinctively won the victory due to Lenin＇s ingenious and careful planning, powerful publicity and organization of Trotsky and other leader as well as the resolute actions of all the party members, workers and soldiers. The victory lies in 6 pairs of causes. The October Revolution is a distinctive fruit in the specific situation in Russia and blessed with the special opportunity, which cannot be repeated in other countries. The revolution has four points of significance that profoundly influence the world. Its basic experience and lessons hold far -reaching bearing on the development of socialism till today.

关 键 词：俄国十月革命 俄国二月革命 全部政权归苏维埃 

分 类 号：D15[政治法律—政治学]