钢氢脆失效的新现象与新认识  

New Phenomenons and Knowledge of Steel Hydrogen Embrittlement

作　　者：刘德林[1,2,3] 陶春虎[1,2,3] 刘昌奎[1,2,3] 姜涛[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [2]航空材料检测与评价北京市重点实验室,北京100095 [3]中航工业失效分析中心,北京100095

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2015年第6期376-383,共8页Failure Analysis and Prevention

摘　　要：综合分析近几年钢制零件氢脆失效的典型特征,发现一些过去被人们忽视但对氢脆断裂影响极为关键的新现象,包括低强度、低氢含量的材料在某些条件下也会发生氢脆,氢脆断口的撕裂棱(鸡爪痕)减少及瞬断区面积变大,小尺寸零件更易发生氢脆,氢脆与其他失效模式交织等。总结包括尚未有手段能检测出零件的局部H含量,尚未建立起材料强度与临界氢含量之间的定量关系,材料强度偏高等需解决的一些关键问题,提出材料强度应处于标准的中下限、除氢处理规范要按实际强度制定等新认识,旨在为零件的设计、制造、使用、维护等方面提供参考和借鉴。Through comprehensive analysis on the typical characters of steel hydrogen embrittlement in recent years, some new phenomenons, significantly affecting steel hydrogen embrittlement but always neglected, were found. For example, hydrogen embrittlement may sometimes occur to the material of low strength and low hydrogen content, Crow feet flaw on the crystal face of fracture surface decreases while the area of final rupture increases. Small size parts are more sensitive to hydrogen emhrittlement, and hydrogen embrittlement may occur together with other failure modes. Some key problems to be solved were summarized, including no method which can be used to detect local hydrogen, no quantity relationship between strength and critical hydrogen content, and material strength above the upper limits. Some new knowledge was put forward to provide reference and experience for the design, manufacture, application and maintenance： material strength should be in the lower part of standard, and the regulations of dehydrogenation treatment should be made on the base of the practical material strength.

关 键 词：钢 氢脆失效 撕裂棱(鸡爪痕) 实际强度 H含量 

分 类 号：TG142.1[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]