规模化猪场新建厌氧发酵系统对废水氮、磷养分的处理效应  

Effects of newly anaerobic fermentation system on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus content in sewage of large-scaled pig farms

作　　者：宁建凤[1] 陈家欢[2] 李盟军[1] 王荣辉[1] 姚建武[1] 王思源[1] 艾绍英[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农科院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室,广东广州510640 [2]广东省农业环保与农村能源总站,广东广州510500

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2015年第23期5-11,共7页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：全球环境基金东亚家畜废物管理项目(TF056519-CHA);广东省低碳发展专项资金(2011-046);广东省科技计划项目(2011B020309003)

摘　　要：选择广东省10个规模化猪场,开展猪场新建厌氧发酵系统对污水氮磷养分的处理效应研究.结果显示,厌氧发酵系统对猪舍污水硝态氮、亚硝态氮的净化效果较好,减排率分别为19.89％～59.02％和18.75％～83.97％（2#点除外）,部分猪场厌氧发酵系统对总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除效果较差,分别为-49.18％～43.14％、-83.72％～21.07％和-13.89％～52.82％.沼气池排水经鱼塘和氧化塘净化后排出猪场,猪场排水硝态氮和亚硝态氮浓度较沼气池排水明显升高,而氨氮、总氮和总磷浓度均较沼气池排水大幅降低.所有猪场排水中总磷均超出畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准,具有一定的环境污染风险.In order to evaluate the operation of anaerobic fermentation system, ten large-scaled pig farms were selected in Guangdong province to monitor the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage discharged from the hoggery and methane tank. The results showed that anaerobic fermentation system effectively decreased the content of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen of hoggery sewage, and the reduction rates of 19.89%-59.02% and 18.75%-83.97% （ 2# excluded ） were observed for nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen, respectively. The anaerobic fermentation system in several pig farms did not performed well in total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus as evidenced by the increase of these index in sewage of methane tank. The reduction rates of total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus were -49.18%-43.14%, -83.72%-21.07% and -13.89%-52.82%, respectively. Sewage discharged from the methane tank received further treatment by the fish pond and oxidation pond and then discharged out of the pig farm. The concentration of NO2^--N and NOa^--N in effluent of pig farm increased significantly, compared to that in effluent of methane tank, whereas the concentration of TN, NH3-N and TP in effluent of pig farm decreased sharply in contrast with the effluent of methane tank. However, the TP content in effluent of ten farms all exceeded the value of the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding, which would pose a pollution potential to surrounding environment.

关 键 词：厌氧发酵 总氮 氨氮 总磷 猪场 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]