某油田一线作业工人噪声暴露及听力损失现况调查  

Noise Exposure and Hearing Loss of First-Line Workers in an Oil Field

作　　者：李环[1] 李玲玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]盘锦市疾病预防控制中心健康体检科,辽宁盘锦124010

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第2期180-183,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

摘　　要：[目的]调查某油田一线作业工人噪声暴露及听力损失现况,结合噪声综合治理前后检测结果比较,了解工人职业健康监护情况。[方法]查阅2011—2014年13户采油企业及7户钻井企业作业工人纯音听力测试结果并进行统计分析。对采油企业2009年和2010年噪声治理前后现场检测结果进行对比。在采油企业和钻井企业分别随机选取100名劳动者对其听力损失知识知晓情况和防护用品佩戴情况进行问卷调查。[结果]采油作业人员4年听损率分别为18.8%、18.0%、17.3%和16.4%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=3.56,P〉0.05）;高频听损程度在56.8-58.4 d B间,差异亦无统计学意义（Hc=0.98,P〉0.05）。钻井作业人员4年听损率分别为23.2%、27.8%、23.2%和24.1%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=3.98,P〉0.05）;而高频听损程度分别为58.4、60.3、62.4和63.4 d B,差异有统计学意义（Hc=11.38,P〈0.05）。在听力损失知识知晓（80%与32%）、防护用品佩戴（87%与30%）及建档率（59.6%与25.0%）方面,采油企业均优于钻井企业。[结论]一线采油噪声暴露作业工人高频听损率及损失程度趋于稳定,并有下降趋势。钻井噪声暴露作业工人高频听损率没有差异,但损失的程度逐年加重。To investigate the current situation of noise exposure and hearing loss among the first-line workers in an oil field, compare the detection results before and after a comprehensive noise abatement program, and understand workers＇ oecupational health surveillance situations. [ Metheods ] Pure tone audiometry results of oil field workers from 13 oil production enterprises and 7 drilling enterprises from 2011 to 2014 were retrieved to perform statistical analysis. The on-site noise detection results were compared before and after the noise abatement program in the oil production enterprises in 2009 and 2010. One hundred workers were randomly selected from the oil production enterprises and drilling enterprises respectively to conduct a questionnaire survey on their awareness of hearing loss and protective equipment wearing rate. [ Results ] The positive rates of oil production workers＇ hearing loss for the four years were 18.8%, 18.0%, 17.3%, and 16.4%, respectively （χ^2=3.56, P〉0.05）; their medians of high frequency hearing threshold were 56.8-58.4 dB （He= 0.98, P 〉 0.05）. The positive rates of drilling workers＇ hearing loss for the four years were 23.2%, 27.8, 23.2%, and 24.1%, respectively （χ^2=3.98, P〈 0.05）; their medians of high frequency hearing thresholds were 58.4, 60.3, 62.4, and 63.4 dB, respectively, with statistical differences （Hc=1 1.38, P〈 0.05）. The oil production workers presented higher hearing loss awareness rates （80% vs 32%）, protective equipment usage rates （87% vs 30%）, and hearing protection documenting rates （59.6% vs 25.0%） than the drilling workers. [ Conclusion ] The first-line oil production workers show a stable and downward trend of hearing loss rate and loss degree. No differences in hearing loss rates are observed in the drilling workers with noise exposure, but the loss degree is increasing year by year.

关 键 词：一线作业工人 听力损失 噪声暴露 综合治理 知晓 防护用品佩戴 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]