汶川地震对岷江柏林土壤微生物群落及养分的影响  

Effects of Wenchuan Earthquake on Soil Microbial Communities and Nutrients in Cupressus Chenginana Forest

作　　者：赵丽丽[1] 钟哲科[1] 史作民[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家林业局竹子研究开发中心,浙江杭州310012 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第1期98-104,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD22B0102);浙江省科技计划项目(2004F10047)资助

摘　　要：为了探索地震灾害对森林土壤肥力和微生物多样性的影响,以四川理县地震灾区不同受灾程度的岷江柏林土壤养分及细菌、古菌群落为调查对象,在受灾区选择2个典型土壤类型、7个人工岷江柏(Cupressus chenginana)林为调查对象,其中,在熊尔山调查点(山地褐土)选择1个受地震影响小的林分作为对照,3个受灾林分,在蒲溪沟调查点(山地棕壤)选择1个对照和2个受灾林分。结果表明:受地震影响,熊尔山和蒲溪沟两个研究区的p H平均值显著升高了11.5%。与对照相比,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锰和有效铜的含量都出现显著下降(P<0.05)。以干土计的细菌和古菌的基因拷贝数范围分别为2.42×10~7~5.81×10~7copies g^(-1)和1.77×10~6~5.66×10~6copies g^(-1),比对照降低了1~2个数量级。细菌数量高于古菌数量,而细菌和古菌均与土壤养分因子(土壤有机质,全氮,碱解氮,有效磷,速效钾,有效铁,有效锰)达到显著正相关水平,与土壤p H为极显著负相关,与有效铜含量没有显著相关关系。总之,地震破坏了土壤微生态环境,土壤细菌和古菌数量减少,土壤肥力降低,应进一步明确营养元素对土壤微生物影响的机理。In order to explore the effects of Wenchuan earthquake disaster on the fertility and microbial diversity of forest soil, the soil nutrients and Bacterial, Archaea communities were investigated comparatively in different degree damaged soils, which were sampled from Cupressus chenginana forest in Li County of Sichuan Province. Two typical soil types and seven artificial Cupressus chenginana forests were chosen, In this study one control forest stand, where almost had no obvious damage caused by earthquake, and three earthquake-affected forest stands were chosen in Xionger Mountain（cinnamon soil）, and one control forest stand and two earthquake-affected forest stands were chosen from Puxi Gully（brown earth）. Results showed that： average soil p H value had a significantly increase by 11.5% after earthquake both in Xionger Mountain and Puxi Gully study areas. Compared with control sites, the average contents of soil organic matter（SOM）, total nitrogen（TN）, available nitrogen（AN）, available phosphorous（AP）, available potassium（AK）, available Fe, available Mn and available Cu decreased significantly（P 〈 0.05）. The gene copy numbers of Bacterial and Archaea ranged 2.42×107- 5.81×107copies g-1（dry soil） and 1.77×106- 5.66×106copies g-1（dry soil）, respectively, which were lower 1- 2 orders of magnitude than control sites. The gene copy numbers of Bacterial and Archaea had significant positive correlations with soil nutrient factors such as SOM, TN, AN, AP, AK, available Fe and available Mn, but significant negative correlations with soil p H values, no significant correlations with available Cu. In conclusion, soil microbial environment was damaged by earthquake, leading to soil bacteria and archaea abundances decreased and soil impoverishment. The effects of mechanism of nutrient elements on soil microbial should be further clarified.

关 键 词：汶川地震 岷江柏林土壤 养分 细菌 古菌 荧光定量PCR 

分 类 号：S151.93[农业科学—土壤学] S151.94[农业科学—农业基础科学]