两种有机肥在甘蔗-花生套种模式中的施用效果  

Effects of Two Organic Manures Application on Sugarcane-Peanut Intercropping Mode

作　　者：苏天明[1] 何铁光[1] 苏利荣[1] 张野[1] 李琴[1] 秦芳[1] 刘宇锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《土壤通报》2016年第1期112-117,共6页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：广西自然科学基金重点项目(2014GXNSFDA118015);广西科学研究与技术开发计划(桂科合1298014-18;桂科合15104001-25);广西科学研究与技术开发项目南繁专项(1347012-4);广西农业科学院科技发展基金(桂农科2013JZ14)资助

摘　　要：为研究木薯皮、鸡粪在蔗区套种模式中的还田施用效果,分别设置化肥配施木薯皮(T1)、配施鸡粪(T2)、配施半量木薯皮和半量鸡粪(T3)3个处理,以甘蔗单种化肥处理(CK1)或甘蔗套种花生化肥处理(CK2)为对照,比较各处理作物产量、品质、效益及花生秸秆还田后土壤肥力的变化。结果表明,T1、T2、T3与CK2相比,大大增加了花生产量、纯收益,花生秸秆还田后土壤速效氮磷钾含量明显提高;T1处理的纯收益最高,比CK1处理增收花生3720.9 kg hm^(-2),增加纯收益17675.4元hm^(-2),但该处理对花生粗脂肪及甘蔗产量有一定负面影响;T2处理的花生产量、总效益和花生秸秆还田后的土壤速效氮磷钾、有机质含量最高,比CK1处理增收花生4270.8 kg hm^(-2);T3处理比CK1处理增收花生3904.2 kg hm^(-2),花生粗脂肪含量达51.3%,增加纯收益17442.15元hm^(-2),还提高了花生秸秆还田后的土壤速效氮磷钾、有机质含量。综合考虑,甘蔗套种花生(化肥配施半量木薯皮和半量鸡粪)是较好的种植和养分管理模式,值得大面积推广。This study compared the variation about crop yield, quality and profit and soil fertility after peanut straw return between different treatments in field, and investigated the effect of cassava bark and chicken manure application in sugarcane-peanut intercropping mode. Three treatments（chemical fertilizer ＋ cassava bark, T1; chemical fertilizer ＋chicken manure,T2; chemical fertilizer ＋ half of cassava bark ＋ half of chicken manure, T3） were designed with comparison of the treatment of monocropping combined with chemical fertilizer（CK1） or the treatment of intercropping combined with chemical fertilizer（CK2）. Results showed that peanut yield, net income and available nitrogen,phosphorus, potassium content after peanut straw return were greater in T1, T2, T3 treatments than in CK2 treatment.T1 treatment showed the highest net income, with peanut yield higher 3720.9 kg hm-2and net income 17675.4Chinese Yuan hm-2than CK1. But little negative impacts on coarse fat content of peanut and sugarcane yield appeared in T1 treatment. T2 treatment had the highest peanut yield, total profit, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,organic matter（OM） content after peanut straw return, with peanut yield higher 4270.8 kg hm-2than CK1. Peanut yield was higher 3904.2 kg hm-2, coarse fat content of peanut 51.3%, net income 17442.15 Chinese Yuan hm-2in T3 than in CK1. And available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, OM content after peanut straw return were greater in T3 than in CK1. Taken crop yield, quality, net income and soil sustainable fertility into account, T3 treatment was verified to be the best mode. It should be popularized widely.

关 键 词：有机肥 甘蔗 花生 效益 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S158.1[农业科学—土壤学]