主成分分析法在河流水质评价中的应用  

On the Application of Principal Component Analysis in River Water Quality Evaluation

作　　者：张海平[1] 郝彩侠[1] 郝敏霞 马立山[1] 马冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北建筑工程学院,河北张家口075000 [2]石家庄市冶河灌区引岗管理处,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《河北建筑工程学院学报》2015年第3期52-55,60,共5页Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering

基　　金：河北省高等学校自然科学青年基金项目(2011239)

摘　　要：河流水质的污染物种类多且具有不同程度的相关性,在不损失初始水质数据所包含信息的前提下,利用主成分方法对某河流市内河段8个断面的氨氮、溶解氧、总磷等7项水质数据进行分析,从结果中提取数量较少且不具有统计相关性的主成分变量2个,第一主成分中高锰酸钾指数、总磷、总氮有相对较高荷载,第二主成分中溶解氧、硝酸盐氮有相对较高荷载,累计方差贡献率约92%且第一主成分远大于第二主成分,进而分析该河水质的主要影响污染物类型及其所占比重,并通过主成分综合评价函数对各断面水质综合污染情况排名,结论表明主成分方法的评价结果与实际情况相符合,并达到降维、简化数据和提高分析结果可靠性等目的.The river wa needed for better ter pollution is a serious problem,so a simple and accurate evaluation method is understanding of the pollution factors. In this paper,principal component analysis is used. Along a urban river,8 monitoring sites are selected,7 pollution factors including NH3- N, NO3-N, KMnO4, BOD5, DO, TP, TN are analyzed, and two principal components are selected to reflect the overall pollution factors. As a result, an equation is established to make a comprehensive evaluation of the chosen principal components, the result of which is compared with the original data. The conclusion shows that PCA is a reliable method for water pollution evaluation.

关 键 词：河流 水质 污染物 评价 主成分分析 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]