超极低出生体重儿住院情况回顾性研究  

Retrospective study on extremely and very low birth weight infants during hospitalization

作　　者：吴艳[1] 钟晓云[1] 陈文[1] 李刚[1] 周利刚[1] 谢茜[1] 王琪[1] 沈彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆市妇幼保健院新生儿科,重庆400013

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2016年第1期98-101,共4页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

摘　　要：目的 ：总结分析早产超、极低出生体重儿住院期间的情况,为提高早产超、极低出生体重儿生存率和生存质量提供帮助。方法：采用回顾性调查方法,收集197例早产超、极低出生体重儿的一般临床资料、住院期间的喂养方式、营养状况、并发症、结局等。结果：（1）收治的超、极低出生体重儿有逐年增加趋势,救治存活率亦逐渐提高,从2011年80.77%上升到2014年87.36%。（2）引起死亡疾病依次为：新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、败血症、持续性肺动脉高压、脑室管膜下-脑室内出血Ⅲ-Ⅳ°、坏死性小肠结肠炎。（3）出院时体质量、头围宫外生长发育迟缓发生率为45.18%、24.53%。（4）超、极低出生体重儿新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征发生率63.45%;败血症发生率14.72%,其中早发性败血症占34.48%、晚发性败血症占65.52%;坏死性小肠结肠炎发生率0.51%;支气管肺发育不良发生率9.88%;视网膜病变发生率21.65%;胆汁淤积发生率1.01%。结论 ：影响超、极低出生体重儿存活率因素除医疗救治水平外,与家庭经济状况、患儿预后关系密切;为了提高极早早产儿的存活率和存活质量,应进一步加强孕妇产前规范化应用类固醇激素促胎肺成熟,应用INSURE技术,规范氧疗、肠内外营养、抗菌素应用等防治感染措施。Objective：To analyze the status of extremely and very low birth weight infants（ELBW/VLBW）during hospitalization.Methods ： Data of 197 extremely and very low birth weight infants were analyzed. The information of general data,nutrition status,complications,and outcome were summarized. Results：（1）The admitted ELBW/VLBW infants were increasing year by year,and the survival rate also was increasing year by year,from 80.77% in 2011 to 87.36% in 2014.（2）The main complications led to death included neonatal respiratory distress（NRDS）,sepsisi,persistent pulmonary hypertension,IVH,necrotizing enterocolitis.（3）45.18%ELBW/VLBW experienced extra-uterine growth retardation by weight and 24.53% experienced extrauterine growth retardation by head circumference.（4）The incidences of complication：NRDS 63.45%,sepsis 14.72%,necrotizing enterocolitis 0.51%;bronchopulmonary dysplasia 9.88%;retinopathy of prematurity 21.65%;parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis 1.01%. Conclusion：Besides the level of medical treatment,the economic state of family and the prognosis of infants affect the survival rate of ELBW/VLBW. In order to improve the quality life of ELBW/VLBW,we need to improve the rate of prenatal steroids and INSURE,utilize oxygen rationally,standardize the enteral or parenteral nutrition and utilization of antibiotics,and try to decrease the rate of infection.

关 键 词：婴儿 超低出生体重 婴儿 极低出生体重 存活率 回顾性研究 

分 类 号：R722.11[医药卫生—儿科]