蓝花丹结实率低的传粉生物学和繁育系统初探  

Pollination biology and the breeding system of Plumbago auriculata low seed-set ratio

作　　者：吴佩纹[1] 高素萍[2] 张硕[1] 赵志惠[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学风景园林学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学园林研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《广西植物》2016年第1期107-113,共7页Guihaia

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划项目(2012FZ0083)~~

摘　　要：为解释蓝花丹自然结实率低的原因,该研究从传粉生物学和繁育系统入手,采用TTC法与联苯胺-过氧化氢法分别测定花粉活力和柱头可授性的动态变化;用花粉-胚珠比(P/O比)、杂交指数(OCI)估算蓝花丹繁育系统类型并通过人工控制授粉试验验证。结果表明:(1)蓝花丹L型雌器官与S型雄器官、L型雄器官与L型雌器官成熟时间重叠区域较多,雌雄性器官在成熟时间上无显著差异;而S型雌器官与L型雄器官、S型雌器官与S型雄器官成熟时间重叠区域较少,但蓝花丹持续开花的模式缓解了雌雄性器官时间差异而引起的生殖隔离。(2)蓝花丹L型花P/O为502.00±52.30,S型花P/O为482.70±87.91,OCI为4,综合判断蓝花丹的繁育系统属于专性异交型且具有异型自交不亲和的特性。综上可初步解释蓝花丹自然结实率低的原因为内外因素共同作用的结果,其中雌雄性器官同熟时间短不是主要原因,而其本身较强的自交不亲和性可能是自然结实率低下的关键性内因。由于蓝花丹的专性异交繁育系统使其成功授粉需要传粉媒介,但因引种地与原产地环境存在显著差异,同时开花模式不集中导致的缺乏传粉者完成异花授粉或许是引起异交成功率降低的主要外因。因此,提高蓝花丹的结实率应从克服其自身自交不亲和性以及适当引入安全传媒昆虫入手。In order to explain the main reasons for the low natural seed-set ratio of Plumbago auriculata, which can con- tribute to the large-scale production of P. auriculata and also help to get rid of the situation that the seeds over-rely on the import from abroad at the same time. We attempted to measured the dynamic changes of the pollen viability by the method of TTC and the stigma receptivity and the method of Benzidine-H2 02 in two ways, which respectively focused more on the pollination biology and the breeding system. And we also estimated the type of the breeding system pollen- ovule ratio （P/O）, and verified the out-crossing index （OCI） by the pollination experiments. The resuhs of the experi- ment were as follows t, （ 1 ） About P. auriculata, the maturity time of the L-type female organs and the S-type male or- gans,and also that of the L-type female organs and the L-type male organs overlaped a lot, there was no obvious differ- ence in the maturity time between the female and the male organs. On the other hand, the maturity time of the S-type fe- male organs and the L-type male organs, and also that of the S-type female organs and the S-type male organs overlapeda little,but the continuous blossoming pattern of P. auriculata reduced reproductive isolation caused by the different ma- turity time of the male and the female sexual organs. （2） The P/O of L-type was 502±52.30,the P/O of S-type 482.7±87.91 ,both the out-crossing index of the L-type and that of the S-type are 4. The result of the manual-controlled pollina- tion experiments suggested that the breeding system of P. auriculata was obligate outcrossing and it had the feature of the heteromorphic incompatibility. To sum up, the reasons for the low natural seed-set ratio of P. auriculata were the combi- nation of both internal and external factors. Among these factors, the short same maturity time of the male and the female sexual organs was not the main reason ,while the strong self-incompatibility of P. auriculata itself might be the

关 键 词：蓝花丹 繁育系统 传粉生物学 结实率 自交不亲和 

分 类 号：Q945.5[生物学—植物学]