论“明亡清兴”历史格局最为关键的六位历史人物(下)  

On the Six Key Figures in the Historical Pattern of“Ming's Decline and Qing's Rising”

作　　者：吴仁安[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学马克思主义学院,上海200241

出　　处：《江南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2016年第1期40-53,60,共15页Journal of Jiangnan University：Humanities & Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：关于造成"明亡清兴"历史格局的成因,自明末清初以来学界争议颇多,莫衷一是。其实,一部明清史早已实实在在向人们展示:明神宗朱翊钧、明思宗朱由检、弘光帝朱由崧("明亡"方面)与清太祖努尔哈赤、清太宗皇太极、清朝孝庄皇太后布木布泰("清兴"方面)这六位关键性历史人物的"治国、平天下"思想作为长期运作的结果,即形成了"明亡清兴"的结局。这是不容置辩的历史事实。明末清初江南大儒顾炎武认清了"明亡清兴"的深刻原因,他发出了"天下兴亡、匹夫有责"的感叹。如果人人都能"以天下为己任"而皆隐然自承起社会良知的责任,那末明朝又焉有亡国易姓的弥天灾难?!Since the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the cause of the historical pattern of ＂Ming＇s Decline and Qing＇s Rising＂ has been controversial in the academia. As a matter of fact, the history of Ming and Oing dynasties has already told us. It was thought of serving the sovereignty and the country that the long-term operation of the six key figures＇ formed the pattern of ＂Ming＇s Decline and Qing＇s Rising＂; the six key figures were emperor Shenzong Zhu Yijun, emperor Sizong Zhu Youjian, emperor Hongguang Zhu Yousong （Ming＇s decline） and Qing first emperor Nurhaci, Qing second emperor Huangtaiji, the emperor dowager of Xiaozhuang （Qing＇s rising）. That is an indisputable fact in history. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, GU Yanwu, a learned man in south region of the Yangtze River, recognized the profound causes of the pattern of ＂Ming＇s Decline and Qing＇s Rising＂, so he remarked that every man has a duty to his country. If everyone had sensed the responsibility for his country and people and took responsibility of social conscience, Ming Dynasty would not have suffered its outright disaster.

关 键 词：明神宗朱翊钧 明思宗朱由检 弘光帝朱由崧 清太祖努尔哈赤 清太宗皇太极 清朝孝庄皇太后布木布泰 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]