基于生命周期的风电场碳排放核算  

Carbon emission accounting for wind farm based on life cycle assessment

作　　者：戢时雨 高超[1] 陈彬[1] 李胜男[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第4期915-923,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(91325302,71573021);国家基金委创新研究群体科学基金(51121003);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20130003110027);美国能源基金会项目(G-1407-21749)

摘　　要：风电是实现低碳战略的主力能源技术之一。为全面分析其对环境的影响,将自然植被纳入系统边界,计量风电场建设前后植被破坏及恢复带来的影响。在清单分析中,重点考虑对碳排影响较大的配件生产及运输、建设期工程车耗油排放,更加合理地核算风电场碳排放和量化其环境影响。核算结果表明:案例风电场全生命周期排碳量为2.97×104t C;运营期由于电能损耗造成的CO2排放量远大于其它阶段,占全过程的57.74%;整个过程中,能源消耗造成的碳排放远大于资源损耗排放。In 2009, China became the world＇s largest carbon emitting country and therefore needs to work more actively to explore low-carbon development. Wind power is considered one of the major renewable energy technologies to achieve low- carbon goals. With the other rapid development in China, wind farms have been constructed around the country, both onshore and offshore, to resolve energy resource and environmental challenges. The aim of this program is to develop wind power capacity to 200 million kilowatts in 2020 and to 1 billion kilowatts in 2050, to provide 17% of the electricity demand. In this study, the carbon emission of wind farms was analyzed using life cycle assessment, which is a powerful tool for energy system management and environmental emission mitigation. It has been widely used for environmental impact assessment of renewable energy systems. The life cycle of a wind turbine is assumed to be 21 years. The natural vegetation is incorporated into the system boundary, quantifying the impact of destruction and restoration of vegetation on carbon emissions before and after the construction stage. In the inventory analysis, the carbon emissions from production and transportation of accessories, as well as the fuel consumption of construction vehicles are considered, to provide a reasonable account of associated carbon emissions and to quantify the associated environmental impact. Then, carbon emissions from the three phases of the life cycle （construction, operation, and dismantling ） were determined. The construction phase covers changes in vegetation, building, and transportation. The operation stage includes emissions from energy produced for the daily life activities of staff and for operating the main building and electrical equipment （ e.g., wind farm lighting systems, ventilation and air conditioning systems, and primary and secondary communication equipment）. Regarding the dismantling phase, emissions is based on the amount recycled materials was subtracted waste material of energy used to

关 键 词：风力发电 生命周期评价 碳排放 植被碳汇 

分 类 号：X773[环境科学与工程—环境工程]