黄河三角洲垦利县夏季土壤水盐空间变异及土壤盐分微域特征  

Spatial variation of soil water and salt and microscopic variation of soil salinity in summer in typical area of the Yellow River Delta in Kenli County

作　　者：王卓然[1] 赵庚星[1] 高明秀[1] 常春艳 姜曙千[1] 贾吉超 李晋[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第4期1040-1049,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目课题(2013BAD05B06-5);国家自然科学基金(41271235);山东省自主创新专项(2012CX90202)

摘　　要：黄河三角洲作为我国重要的后备土地资源区,土壤盐渍化问题突出,切实掌握季节性土壤水盐状况及其微域特征是该区土壤盐渍化防控和土地资源高效利用的重要基础。选择黄河三角洲垦利县,通过野外调查实测与室内化验分析获取土壤水盐含量数据,利用统计分析、GIS空间插值、实地观测与数据分析对比等方法,分析了研究区夏季土壤水盐状况及其微域变异规律。结果显示:研究区夏季土壤水盐含量总体较高,含盐量以中度盐渍化为主,随着土层深度的增加含盐量呈上升趋势,且各层土壤含盐量呈显著正相关性;含盐量较高的地区主要分布在该区东北部和中东部,含盐量较低的地区主要分布在西南部和中部;土壤含盐量从大到小的植被类型依次为光板地→碱蓬→高粱→芦苇→茅草→水稻→棉花→玉米;土壤盐分微域变化特征明显,含盐量受距路边远近、不同耕作措施、地形部位、植被群落等因素影响较大,表现出微域规律性和复杂性。该研究基本摸清了研究区夏季时相的土壤水盐状况及其微域特征,为黄河三角洲农作物栽培管理及土壤资源可持续利用提供了科学依据。The Yellow River Delta is an important reserve of land resources, in which soil salinization is a problem. Grasping the seasonal status of soil water and salt, as well as their microscopic features, is an important foundation for prevention, control, and use of soil salinization. For this study, Kenli County of the Yellow River Delta was selected. Soil water and salt content data were obtained via field survey and lab experiments. The status of soil water and salt, as well as their microscopic features, were analyzed using methods such as statistics, GIS interpolation, and contrasting field observations with data analysis. Our results showed that the general salt content in the study area was mainly moderate. The salt content increased from the soil surface to underground layers, and the correlation coefficients of salt content between different soil layers （0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm and 45-60cm） were significantly positively correlated. The areas with high soil salinity were mainly distributed in northeastern and eastern Kenli County, while the areas with lower soil salinity were mainly distributed in the southwestern and central parts of the county. The order from high-to-low salinity of different vegetation types was as follows： naked land→Suaeda glauca→Sorghum→Reed→Couch grass→Paddy→Cotton→ Maize. Microscopic variation of soil salinity was obviously different in different parts of one plot in a paddy field, it varied with distance from the roadside to a cotton field, whether covered with plastic film, at different heights with the micro- topography of bare ground or with different vegetation communities in the same plots. This study provided preliminary delineation of soil water and salt status, as well as their microscopic features, for summer in the study area, and provided a scientific basis for crop cultivation and management, as well as sustainable soil resource utilization in the Yellow River Delta.

关 键 词：垦利县 夏季 土壤含盐量 土壤含水量 空间变异 微域特征 

分 类 号：S156.41[农业科学—土壤学]