2014年长沙市扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种率调查分析  

Analysis of Immunization Coverage Survey for Vaccines in National Immunization Program in Changsha City

作　　者：林希建[1] 刘浩[1] 罗美玲[1] 胡强[1] 刘姝[1] 黄霜[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410001

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2015年第6期662-665,661,共5页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的了解长沙市1~7岁儿童扩大国家免疫规划（NIP）疫苗接种情况。方法采用多阶段随机抽样方法抽取全市18个乡（镇、街道）、54个村共653名儿童,入户调查适龄儿童扩大NIP疫苗的接种情况。结果各疫苗基础免疫接种率为：卡介苗（BCG）99.4%;3剂乙型肝炎疫苗（Hep B_（1-3））97.7%,Hep B1及时90.5%;3剂脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗（OPV_（1-3））98.8%;3剂百日咳-白喉-破伤风联合疫苗（DTP_（1-3）97.2%,首剂含麻疹成分疫苗（MCV_1）98.6%,MCV_1及时58.7%,首剂A群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV-A_1）94.0%,MPV-A_2 86.6%,首剂乙型脑炎疫苗（JEV_1）94.6%,甲型肝炎疫苗（Hep A）89.9%。各疫苗复种或加强免疫接种率分别为：DTP_489.5%,MCV_291.9%,JEV_281.8%,OPV_478.5%,首剂A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗（MPV-AC_1）81.6%,MPV-AC_235.7%,儿童白喉-破伤风联合疫苗（DT）35.7%。流动儿童的JEV_1、Hep A、MPV-A_2、DTP_4和七苗全程的接种率均低于常住儿童。所有调查儿童的OPV、DTP、JEV疫苗基础免疫接种率均高于加强免疫接种率。结论长沙市扩大NIP疫苗基础免疫接种率〉90%,但复种或加强免疫接种率、流动儿童的疫苗接种率相对较低,需采取针对性措施,着力提高重点人群和重点疫苗的接种率。Objective To identify the immunization status of vaccines in national immunization program （NIP） among children aged 1-7 years in Changsha city. Methods Multistage random cluster sampling was used in the survey. A total of 653 children aged 1-7 years were selected from 54 villages in 18 townships. Results The primary immunization coverage rates of NIP vaccines were： Bacille Calmette-Guerin Vaccine（BCG） 99. 4%, 3-dose hepatitis B vaccine （HepA1-3 ） 97. 7%, timely HepB190. 5%, 3-dose oral poliomyelitis attenuated live vaccine （OPV1-3 ） 98. 8%, 3-dose diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis combined vaccine （DTP1-3） 97. 2%, first-dose measles-containing vaccine （MCV1 ）98. 6%, timely MCV158. 7%, firstdose group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine （ MPV-A1 ） 94. 0%, MPV-A2 86. 6%, first-dose Japa- nese encephalitis vaccine （JEV1 ） 94. 6%, and hepatitis A vaccine （HepA） 89. 9%. The booster immunization coverage rates for some vaccines were： DTP489. 5%, MCV291.9%, JEV181.8%, OPV478.5%, MPV-AC181.6%, MPV-AC235.7%, and diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine for children （DT） 35.7%. The coverage rates of JEV1 , HepA, MPV-A2, DTP4 and 7 full-immunization vaccines in migrant children were lower than that in local children. The primary immunization coverage rates of OPV, DTP and JEV were higher than the booster. Conclusion The primary immunization coverage rate for each NIP vaccine was higher than 90%, but the booster immunization coverage rates and most of immunization coverage rates among migrant children were relatively low. Corresponding measures should be taken to improve the immunization coverage rates and in priority areas. among priority children

关 键 词：国家免疫规划 疫苗 接种率 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]