医院工作人员职业暴露监测分析与职业防护对策  

Hospital Staff Occupational Exposure Monitoring Analysis and Countermea-sures of Occupational Protection

作　　者：刘琼 李青 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区职业病医院院感办,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区职业病医院护理部,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国卫生产业》2015年第24期17-19,共3页China Health Industry

摘　　要：目的调查分析该院工作人员职业暴露发生的高危因素,为预防职业暴露提供依据并提出防护措施,从而降低职业暴露的发生率。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对2013年3月—2015年3月该院工作人员职业暴露报告资料进行分析。结果 38名工作人员职业暴露中,医生、护士、检验人员、护工、保洁人员、废物转运收集人员,分别占15.79%、63.16%、0%、5.26%、10.53%、5.26%,工作时间5年以下占68.42%,10年以下占21.05%,15年以下占5.26%,15年及以上占5.26%,女性、男性分布占68.42%、31.58%;针刺伤关联操作构成比,重新盖帽5.56%、采血11.1%、注射5.56%、处理废物61.11%、缝合5.56%、其他5.56%、处理针5.56%;发生的场所占前3位分别为:病区、治疗室、手术室;职业暴露发生科室构成比,内科42.1%、手术室26.3%、外科21.1%、后勤10.5%、其他科室5.26%;职业暴露的锐器分布构成比,输液针头23.6%、注射针头23.7%,手术缝合针21.1%,真空采血针18.4%,留置针7.9%,其他2.6%;职业暴露时带手套情况,因无菌操作戴手套占25%,因防护需要戴手套14.3%,未戴手套96.4%。结论护士、医生为高危人群;医务人员技能操作不熟练、标准预防措施不到位、违法操作规程;医院应强化职业暴露教育;重视在日常工作中采取标准预防;严格医疗操作规程,养成良好的操作习惯,规范医疗废物处理流程,降低职业暴露的发生率。Objective Analysis our hospital staff occupational exposure risk factors, provide the basis for prevention of oc-cupational exposure and protection measures are put forward, so as to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure. Methods Retrospective survey method, in March 2013 - March 2013 medical staff occupational exposure to report data for analysis. Results 38 staff occupational exposure, doctors, nurses, health care workers, cleaning and inspection personnel, waste transport personnel collection, respectively,15.79%,63.16%,0%,5.26%,10.53%,5.26%, 68.42% less than 5 years work-ing time, under 10 years （21.05%）, the following 15 years （5.26%）, 15 years and above accounted for 5.26%, women, men accounted for 68.42%, 31.58%; Needle stick injuries associated operations than to block 5.56% of dealing with waste, blood, injecting 11.1%and 5.56%, 11.1%, 5.56%, other 5.56%, the processing of suture needle 5.56%;The office of former three are：ward, therapy, operating room; Occupational exposures happen department constitute ratio, internal 42.1% 26.3%, the operating room and surgical 21.1% 21.1% 10.5%, logistics and other departments; Occupational exposure of sharps dis-tribution ratio, 23.6% 23.6% infusion needle, a needle, surgical suture needle, 21.1% 18.4% vacuum blood collection nee-dle, needle 7.9%, other 2.6%;Occupational exposures with gloves, gloves for aseptic operation account for 25%, 14.3% due to the need of protective gloves, 96.4% did not wear gloves.Conclusion Nurses, doctors for high-risk groups; Medical staff skills unskilled operation, standard precautions, illegal operation procedures; The hospital should strengthen occupational exposure education; Attaches great importance to take standard prevention in daily work; Strict medical procedures, form a good operating habits, standardizing medical waste disposal process, reduce the incidence of occupational exposure.

关 键 词：医院工作人员 职业暴露 监测 职业防护 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]