中国的隐性农业革命(1980—2010)——一个历史和比较的视野  

China's Hidden Agricultural Revolution,1980-2010,in Historical and Comparative Perspective

作　　者：黄宗智[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院 [2]美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶校区历史系

出　　处：《开放时代》2016年第2期11-35,5,共25页Open Times

摘　　要：中国终于在1980年—2010年间经历了其现代化(即带有劳动生产率和收入提高)的农业革命。该农业革命的动力和历史上其他的农业革命十分不同。它是"隐性的",因为它不是来自某种新的投入而提高了某些产物的亩均产出,而主要是由于从低值的谷物生产转向越来越多的高值肉禽鱼、蛋奶和(高档)蔬菜与水果的生产。这个变化是由中国人民的历史性食物消费转化所推动的,是伴随主要来自非农经济发展所导致的收入水平上升而来的。把其与不同类型的农业革命相比,为我们说明的是多种因素的相互作用。农业变迁不简单取决于市场和/或技术,或产权制度等人们如今较多关注的因素,而是由这些因素和人地关系资源禀赋、城乡关系、国家行为,以及历史巧合之间的互动所促成的。中国的经验其实与印度的至为相似,而不同于西方国家或所谓的"东亚模式"的国家。即便如此,中国经验也和印度有重要的不同。China finally underwent its modernizing(i.e.,with increased labor productivity and incomes)agricultural revolution in 1980 to 2010,through dynamics unlike those of most other previous agricultural revolutions. It is'hidden'because the revolution has not come so much from the conventional and readily apparent increases of certain crops' output by weight due to new inputs,but rather mainly by the switch from grain production to more and more higher-value agricultural products like meat-poultry-fish,milk-eggs,and fruits and higher grade vegetables. That change has been driven by a revolution in the food consumption patterns of the Chinese people that came with rising incomes mainly from nonagricultural development. A comparison of China's agricultural history with others tells about the interactions of multiple factors,not just the role of markets and/or technology,or property systems,but rather their interactions with population-to-land resource endowments,differential rural-urban relations,state actions,and historical coincidences. China's is in fact most like India's rather than Western countries' or'East Asia's,'though even then with important differences stemming from the legacy of its revolutionary land system.

关 键 词：人地关系资源禀赋 农业与手工业的紧密缠结 单向的城乡贸易 食物消费革命 “东亚”合作经验 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]