我国部分城市地下水饮用水氡含量及剂量贡献研究  

Study on groundwater radon concentrations and its dose contribution in some cities in China

作　　者：武云云[1] 崔宏星[1] 尚兵[1] 刘建香[1] 苏旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2016年第2期129-132,148,共5页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

摘　　要：目的 初步调查我国典型城市地下水饮用水氡水平和分布特征,估算生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民有效剂量.方法 选择北京、内蒙古、宁夏、陕西、河南、辽宁和黑龙江共7个省（自治区、直辖市）的12个典型城市,采集市政地下水供水共73个水样,采用连续测氡仪水氡测量装置测量水氡含量,估算生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民有效剂量.结果 7个省（直辖市）12个城市的地下水饮用水氡含量均值为11.8 Bq/L,范围为1.0 ～ 63.8 Bq/L,有37％的样品氡含量超过了美国环境保护部（EPA）推荐的饮用水氡浓度限值11.1 Bq/L.全部样品氡含量低于世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的公共饮用水氡浓度参考水平100 Bq/L.生活用水地下水氡释放所致居民年有效剂量均值为29 μSv（2.4～ 160 μSv）.结论 通常情况下,生活用水地下水氡释放对居民的剂量份额较低,可以忽略.但是,在一些花岗岩地区,生活用水过程地下水氡释放所致居民的剂量贡献应该引起重视.Objective To investigate the levels and distribution of radon concentrations in groundwater in some representative cities in China,and estimate the effective dose from inhaled radon released from domestic groundwater.Methods A total of 12 cities in 7 provinces （municipalities） were selected,including Beijing,Inner Mongolia,Ningxia,Shaanxi,Henan,Liaoning and Heilongjiang.In total,73 water samples from groundwater supply were taken.Radon concentrations in water samples were determined by using a continuous radon monitor with air-water exchanger.Results The average radon content in groundwater for drinking was 11.8 Bq/L in 12 cities in 7 provinces,ranging from 1.0 to 63.8 Bq/L.The radon concentrations in 37% water samples exceeded 1 1.1 Bq/L,the safe limit recommended for drinking water by the United States Environmental Protection Agency （EPA）.The radon contents in all of the water samples was lower than the reference level 100 Bq/L recommended by World Health Organization （WHO）.The average annual effective dose arising from inhaled radon released from groundwater was 29 μSv （2.4 to 160 μSv）.Conclusions Generally,the effective dose from inhaled radon released from groundwater is negligibly low.However,in some areas dominated by granite bedrock,the dose contribution from radon released from groundwater to residents should be routinely monitored.

关 键 词：生活用水 地下水 饮用水 氡含量 剂量 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]