多级纳米孔分子筛在非均相催化中的应用现状及发展前景  

Application status and development prospects of hierarchically nanoporous molecular sieves in heterogeneous catalysis

作　　者：亢玉红[1,2] 李健[1,2] 马向荣[1] 马亚军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]榆林学院化学与化工学院,陕西榆林719000 [2]陕西省低变质煤洁净利用重点实验室,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《工业催化》2016年第1期7-14,共8页Industrial Catalysis

摘　　要：传统分子筛因其单一的微孔孔道,在工业应用中表现为扩散阻力差、催化易失活,尤其在涉及大分子的反应过程中催化活性较差是阻碍其工业应用的现实难题,通过优化制备路线得到的多级纳米孔分子筛催化材料可有效解决传统分子筛存在的上述应用缺陷。多级纳米孔分子筛相比传统分子筛因其特殊的孔道结构和物化性能,在非均相催化方面具有丰富的催化活性位点、较短的扩散路径、较高的传递效率和较长的催化寿命,特别在涉及非均相催化反应的现代化学工业中展现出重要的潜在应用价值。综述多级纳米孔分子筛在烃类异构化反应、加氢裂化反应、烷基化与酰基化反应、烯烃氧化反应以及甲醇制烃类等反应中的诸多优势及潜在应用。Compared to the conventional molecular sieves with single mieroporous channels, the main pur- pose of the development of synthetic routes for hierarchically nanoporous molecular sieves is to improve the catalytic performances of conventional molecular sieves by resolving some problems such as low molec- ular diffusion efficiency, quick catalytic deactivation and weak activity to bulky molecules. Hierarchically nanoporous molecular sieves with special texture and physicochemieal properties possess rich catalytic active sites, short diffusion path, high transfer efficiency, and long catalytic life in heterogeneous catalysis aspect. Hierarchically nanoporous molecular sieves have important and potential application in modem chemical industry involving heterogeneous catalytic reactions. In this paper, the advantages and potential applications of hierarchically nanoporous molecular sieves in hydrocarbon isomerization reaction, hydro- cracking reaction, alkylation and acylation reaction, hydrocarbon oxidation reaction and methanol to hydro- carbon reaction were reviewed.

关 键 词：催化化学 分子筛 非均相催化 中孔材料 纳米粒子 酸催化 

分 类 号：O643.36[理学—物理化学] TQ424.25[理学—化学]