枇杷幼果冻害低温等级指标的确定  

Determination of Frozen Injury Grade Index for Young Fruit of Loquat

作　　者：陈惠[1] 杨凯[1] 林晶[1] 王加义[1] 陈涛 马治国[1] 李丽纯[1] 彭继达[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省气象科学研究所,福州350001 [2]福清市气象局,福清350300

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2016年第1期91-97,共7页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106024);福建省科技厅农业科技重点项目(2009N0030;2013N0012)

摘　　要：根据福建省近5a枇杷幼果低温箱试验和低温过程山坡地枇杷冻害观测试验结果,以及主产省福建、浙江历史灾情资料,采用归纳分析和对比印证等方法,对枇杷幼果冻害的低温等级指标进行研究。结果表明:枇杷幼果冻害低温等级指标可用日最低气温(Tmin)和低温持续天数(DD)表示,各级冻害指标分别为,轻度:-2.5℃<Tmin≤-1.0℃,DD≤3d;中度:-3.5℃<Tmin≤-2.5℃,DD≤3d或-2.5℃<Tmin≤-1.0℃,DD>3d;重度:-4.5℃<Tmin≤-3.5℃,DD≤3d或-3.5℃<Tmin≤-2.5℃,DD>3d;极重:Tmin≤-4.5℃,DD≤3d或Tmin≤-3.5℃,DD>3d。历史灾情资料验证结果表明,冻害等级指标在福建莆田的推算准确率为61%,在浙江临海、黄岩为87.5%,说明枇杷幼果低温冻害等级指标可应用于低温冻害预测。Based on the data of low temperature box experiment and climatic gradient observation at hillside land in last 5 years, and historical disaster data of the main production provinces, the frozen injury grade index for young fruit of loquat was studied by using methods of induction analysis and contrast verification. The results showed that the frozen injury grade index for young fruit of loquat could be represented by the daily extreme minimum temperature （Tmin） and the continuous days of low temperature （DD）. All of the frozen injury grade index was as follows： the mild frozen injury -2.5℃〈Tmin≤-1.0℃ and DD≤3d, the moderate frozen injury -3.5℃〈 Tmin≤-2.5℃ and DD≤3d or -2.5℃ 〈Tmin≤-1.0℃ and DD〉3d, the severe frozen injury -4.5℃ 〈Tmin≤-3.5℃ and DD≤3d or -3.5℃〈Tmin≤-2.5℃ and DD〉3d, the serious frozen injury was Tmin≤-4.5℃and DD≤3d or Tmin≤-3.5℃ and DD〉3d. Compared to historic disaster data, the accuracy of the frozen injury grade index was 61% in Putian region Fujian province, and 87.5% in Huangyan and Linhai region Zhejiang province, which indicated that the frozen injury grade index for young fruit of loquat could be used for frozen disaster prediction.

关 键 词：枇杷幼果 冻害 等级指标 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]