常用消毒剂次氯酸钠和二氧化氯对小林三代虫的杀灭效果  

THE EFFICACY OF THE COMMON DISINFECTANTS SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AND CHLORINE DIOXIDE TO CONTROL GYRODACTYLUS KOBAYASHII

作　　者：周顺[1,2] 李文祥[1] 杨宝娟[1,2] 张效平[1,2] 邹红[1] 吴山功[1] 喻运珍[3] 艾桃山[3] 王桂堂[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]武汉中博水产生物技术有限公司,武汉430070

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2016年第1期97-102,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-46-08);国家自然科学基金(31272695);湖北省重大科技创新计划项目(2013ABA004)资助~~

摘　　要：为了有效控制三代虫病,实验以寄生于金鱼的小林三代虫(Gyrodactylus kobayashii)为动物模型,研究了两种常用消毒剂次氯酸钠溶液(Na Cl O)和二氧化氯(Cl O_2)的杀虫效果。结果表明:在离体(in vitro)条件下,当Na Cl O的有效浓度≥0.2 mg/L或Cl O_2的有效浓度≥0.15 mg/L时,小林三代虫的平均存活时间均少于2h,而对照组中小林三代虫的平均存活时间是20.8h。当Cl O_2的有效浓度≥0.15 mg/L时,70%以上的虫体发黑,而其他浓度处理组,大部分虫体即使死亡,虫体依然保持透明。在在体(in vivo)条件下,当Na Cl O的有效浓度≥0.2 mg/L或Cl O_2的有效浓度≥0.5 mg/L时,驱虫率都几乎达到100%,并且驱虫率随着药物浓度的增加而提高,但当Cl O_2的有效浓度为0.6 mg/L时,养殖水体出现了白色絮状物。在在体条件下,Na Cl O的驱虫效果好于Cl O_2。在金鱼的急性毒性实验中,Na Cl O和Cl O_2的安全浓度分别是0.18和0.48 mg/L,仅稍低于其在在体条件下完全驱除小林三代虫的最小浓度(0.2、0.5 mg/L),说明次氯酸钠溶液和二氧化氯在驱除三代虫时对金鱼不太安全,因此,在治疗金鱼的三代虫病时要慎使次氯酸钠溶液和二氧化氯。然而,这两种消毒剂能否适用于其他鱼类三代虫病的治疗则有待进一步研究。The current study investigated the safety and the anthelmintic efficacy of two common disinfectants, sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide using G. kobayashii parasitizing goldfish （Carassius auratus）. The result showed that the average survival time of Gyrodactylus kobayashii was less than 2h in vitro when the effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide were equal or greater than 0.2 and 0.15 mg/L, whereas 20.8h in the control group. When the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide was not less than 0.15 mg/L, more than 70% of the worms were dead and became black, the worms remain transparent but die in lower chlorine dioxide groups. The anthelmintic efficacy in vivo increased along with rise of the drug concentrations and almost reached 100% when the effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide were 0.2 and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. When the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide was 0.6 mg/L, white floccule was observed in the aquaculture water. The anthelmintic efficacy in vivo of NaClO was better than ClO2. The safe concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide to goldfish were 0.18 mg/L and 0.48 mg/L, respectively, which were slightly lower than the minimum concentrations completely killing G.kobayashii in vivo. Hence, it should be cautious to use sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide to control Gyrodactylus in goldfish, but it need further investigation whether this disinfectants could be used for other fish in controlling Gyrodactylus.

关 键 词：常用消毒剂 次氯酸钠 二氧化氯 小林三代虫 杀虫效果 

分 类 号：S941.5[农业科学—水产养殖]