中国水权制度特点及水权改革探索  

The Characteristics of Water Rights System and the Exploration of Water Rights Reform in China

作　　者：刘世庆[1] 郭时君[1] 林睿[2] 巨栋 

机构地区：[1]四川省社会科学院,成都610072 [2]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2016年第1期12-22,共11页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目《我国流域经济与政区经济协同发展研究》(编号12&ZD201)阶段成果

摘　　要：中国水权改革以渐进式和试点方式逐步推进。试点区域水权交易模式主要有行业间水权交易、用水户间水权交易、集体水权交易、跨区域水权交易、跨流域水权交易、上下游水权交易等。水权交易关键环节是:初始水权明晰、有计量和监测条件、水权交易规则体系、交易平台和制度保障。我国水权改革和水权制度建设,在坚持社会主义市场经济体制的制度背景下,具有五大特点:一是水资源所有权实行国家所有;二是使用权实行行政分配权和先占者优先权制度;三是行政区为单元的总量控制管理;四是行政分配管理与水权可交易制度并存;五是政府发挥主导作用并充分发挥市场机制优化水资源配置的作用。The reform of water rights in China is gradually advancing in progressive and pilot mode. There are mainly 6 kinds of modes of water right transaction in pilot area that are between industries, between water us-ers, collective water right transaction, cross-regional, inter-basin, upstream and downstream, etc. The key links of water right transaction include initial right to water clarity, measurement and monitoring conditions, water right trading rule system, trading platform and institutional guarantee. Under the institutional background of the system of socialist market economy, the reform of water rights and water rights system development in China possess the 5 characteristic. First, the ownership of water resources is state-owned. Second, the water use right is administra-tive distribution and priority appropriation right. Third, total water withdrawal control in an administrative area. Fourth, the administration systems and tradable water rights exist side by side. Fifth, under the leading role of the government market plays a more and more important role.

关 键 词：水权交易模式 操作程序 关键环节 水权制度特点 水权改革 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]