陕北黄土区植被特征对坡面微地形的响应  

Response of vegetation characteristics to slope micro-topography in loess area of north Shaanxi Province

作　　者：卢纪元 朱清科[1] 陈文思[1] 王瑜[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第1期53-60,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费课题"黄土丘陵严重侵蚀区植被恢复和重建技术研究"(201104002-2)

摘　　要：为掌握陕北黄土区不同植被特征对坡面微地形的响应,以陕西省吴起县合沟流域半阴、半阳2个坡向的原状坡及其5种微地形为研究对象,分析对比不同坡向各类微地形的物种组成、草本生物量、植被盖度及植物多样性特征。结果表明:1)各类微地形植物群落的物种组成、植被盖度、草本生物量及植物多样性指数多优于原状坡,其中切沟和塌陷的植被状况最优,其次为浅沟和缓台,陡坎最差;2)各类微地形植物群落的Simpson指数与ShannonWiener指数变化趋势一致,均为切沟>塌陷>缓台>浅沟>陡坎>原状坡,其中切沟和塌陷的植物群落所处的自然演替阶段高于其他微地形;3)经过15年自然恢复,半阳坡形成以星毛委陵菜、赖草等多年生草本植物为优势种的植物群落,半阴坡形成以铁杆蒿、茭蒿等地带性多年生草本植物为优势种的植物群落,半阴坡各类微地形植物群落的物种组成状况、草本生物量、植被盖度以及植物多样性特征指数均优于半阳坡。掌握不同微地形植被配置的差异,有助于提高陕北黄土区植被恢复措施的有效性和持续性。[ Background] The objective of this study is to grasp the spatial differences of vegetation characteristics on 5 kinds of micro-topographies including gully, collapse, platform, shallow gully, and scarp in loess area of north Shaanxi Province. [ Methods] Based on the investigation of undisturbed slope and the 5 different micro-topographies in semi-sunny and semi-shady slope of Hegou valley in Wuqi County of Shaanxi Province, the correlations between micro-topographies and vegetation characteristics of species composition, herbaceous biomass, vegetation coverage, and vegetation diversity were analyzed. The data processing methods of this paper were bivariate analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. [ Results ] The results revealed that： 1 ） The species composition, herbaceous biomass, vegetation coverage and vegetation diversity of plant communities on all kinds of micro-topographies were better than those on the undisturbed slope. At the same time, the vegetation condition on gully and collapse were the best, followed by shallow gully and platform, and the worst on the scarp. 2） The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index on different micro-topographies and undisturbed slope were in the order of gully 〉collapse 〉 platform 〉 shallow gully 〉 scarp 〉 undisturbed slope, and the stages of natural succession of the plant communities on gully and collapse were higher than other micro-topographies. 3） After 15 years of enclosure recovery, the plant community with Potentilla acaulis and Aneurolepidium dasystachys as the dominant species was formed on the semi-sunny slope, meanwhile, the plant community with Artemisia sacrorum and Artemisia giraldii as the dominant species was formed on semi-shady slope, and there was also a small amount of shrub and arbor in some areas. At the same time, the species composition, herbaceous biomass, coverage and vegetation diversity of plant communities on different micro-topographies of the semi-shady slope were all better than those in the semi-sunny slope. The spa

关 键 词：微地形 物种组成 草本生物量 植被盖度 植物多样性 Margalef指数 Pielou指数 SHANNON-WIENER指数 Simpson指数 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]