用激光法和吸管法测定东北黑土区侵蚀泥沙颗粒组成的差异分析  

Comparative study on particle size distribution of eroded sediment by laser method and pipette method in black soil region of Northeast China

作　　者：王大安[1] 刘刚[1] 王翔鹰[1] 张帅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室,地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第1期114-122,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“东北黑土区坡面至小流域尺度积雪与融雪过程研究”(41301280);地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室自由探索项目“东北黑土区融雪侵蚀过程与机理研究”(2013-ZY-08)

摘　　要：吸管法是测定颗粒组成的经典方法,激光法作为一种新兴的方法,近年被广泛应用于土壤和河流泥沙颗粒组成的分析中,并逐步应用到侵蚀泥沙粒径分析。为获取激光法与吸管法测定侵蚀泥沙特性指标和不同粒径的差异以及二者之间的转换关系,对18个黑土区侵蚀泥沙样品颗粒组成进行了测定和分析。采用中值粒径D50和平均质量直径MWD进行侵蚀泥沙样品特性分析,激光法比吸管法测定结果明显偏低;但2种方法测定D50和MWD具有很好的线性转换关系(R>0.9,P<0.001)。激光法测定的砂粒和黏粒质量分数低于吸管法测定值,测定粉粒质量分数明显高于吸管法测定值。测得砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量在2种方法间,均具有很好的线性转换关系(R>0.8,P<0.001)。进一步细分泥沙颗粒为大于中砂、细砂、极细砂、粗粉和细粉这5个粒级时,2种方法间除极细砂(R=0.764,P<0.001)外,其余粒级均具有很好的线性转换关系(R>0.8,P<0.001)。[ Background] Soil particle size distribution （PSD） is one of the important indicators of soil physical properties, is also a key parameter in erosion and sediment nutrient enrichment research. In recent years, as a relatively new method of measuring particle size distribution （PSD） compared to the classical method of the pipette method, the laser method has been widely applied to the PSD of soil and river sediment, and gradually applied to the PSD of eroded sediment. [ Methods] In order to obtain the differences and transformation relations between the PSDs determined by the two methods in the Black Soil Region, 18 eroded sediment samples of a small watershed during the snow melting were measured and analyzed by the laser method and pipette method. In the present study, the $3500 manufactured by the US Microtrac company were used for measuring the samples of laser method. [ Results] Results showed that the DS0 （Median Diameter） and MWD （Mean Weight Diameter） using the laser method were obviously higher than those using the pipette method, which was consistent with the conclusion of the sediment size distribution curve. Although the D50 and MWD measured by two methods varied widely, significant relationships were found between the two methods for the D50 and MWD： YDS0 = 1. 609XD50 - 13.743（R =0.960, P 〈0.001）, YMWD = 0. 962XMwD -0.002 （R =0.999, P 〈0.001）. The PSD was analyzed according to the US soil texture classification system. The sand and clay contents using the laser method was under-estimated by 2. 6% and 31.5% respectively compared to that using the pipette method, while the silt content of the laser method was over-estimated by 34.1% compared to that of the pipette method. However, significant linear transformation relationships were observed between the laser method and the pipette method for the clay content, silt content and sand content of the eroded sediment ： Ysand = 0. 864xsand ＋ 3. 844 （ R = 0. 965, P 〈 0. 001 ）, Ysilt = 0. 725xsilt - 11. 858 （ R = 0. 89

关 键 词：侵蚀泥沙粒径分布 吸管法 激光法 转换模型 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]