我国小流域综合治理面临的问题与对策  

Issues and countermeasures in the comprehensive management of small watershed in China

作　　者：张洪江[1] 张长印[2] 赵永军[2] 常丹东[2] 程金花[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,北京100083 [2]水利部水土保持监测中心,北京100053

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第1期131-137,共7页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

摘　　要：我国以防治水土流失为主的小流域治理历史悠久,以小流域为单元的水土流失综合治理经历了30多年的探索和实践,逐步探索出适应我国实际情况的治理理念、治理措施及管理体系,取得了丰富的治理经验和显著的生态、社会和经济效益。自20世纪80年代初以来,我国先后对上万条小流域进行了综合治理,治理总面积达38万km2;但是随着社会经济发展和人们对环境质量的要求不断提高,小流域综合治理也显现出一些问题,包括治理理念和治理目标不能满足群众需求、小流域管理机制不健全和资金投入体制亟待完善等。在新时期,小流域综合治理不能够仅仅局限于原有的思路框架中,要在继承治理经验的基础上,根据国家经济社会发展,赋予小流域综合治理新的内涵,使其产生新的活力,使之能够更好地满足我国广大民众对居住和生产环境条件不断提高的需求。在当前的小流域综合治理中应注重当地群众需求、因地制宜布设防治体系,逐步调整综合治理内容、治理措施和综合治理目标,完善资金投入机制、建立健全小流域综合治理的管护措施、完善相关法律法规建设,以不断适应时代发展对小流域综合治理的需求。[ Background] Small watershed management aiming at the prevention of soil erosion has a long history in China. After 30 years of exploration and practices on the comprehensive management of soil erosion using small watershed as a unit, a set of management system including management notion and governance measures suitable for specialized situation in China has been gradually earned, and great achievements with significantly ecological, social and economic benefits have been acquired. [ Methods] Since 1980s, China has taken comprehensive measures on millions of watersheds covering 380,000 km^2. However, with the socioeconomic development and increasing needs of people on environmental quality, some issues emerged in the comprehensive management of small watershed, including management notions and objectives cannot meet the demand of the public, the mechanism of management is not complete, and the fund input should be improved urgently, et al. [ Results] In the new era, small watershed management cannot only be limited inheritance of management experience, it is re to the original ideological framework, based on the vitalized by adding new connotation according to the national economic and social development, and then it better serves for people with the increasing needs of living, production and environment. [ Conclusions] In the current management of small watershed, we should focus on the needs of local people, design proper prevention system based on local condition, and gradually adjust governance contents, measures and objectives; moreover, we should improve the funding input and management systems, and build the related laws and regulations to adapt to the continuing development of our society.

关 键 词：小流域 综合治理 治理成就 管理机制 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]