清水江水体和沉积物中氮、磷的分布及变化趋势  

Characteristics and Variations of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Water and Sediments of Qingshui River

作　　者：刘斌武[1] 韩磊[1] 王守全[1] 于辉辉 赵云[2] 马智杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038

出　　处：《环境科技》2016年第1期40-45,共6页Environmental Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41372354);科技部国际科技合作专项(2012DFA60830)

摘　　要：为了解西南山区河流上游干流的水质现状,采集贵州清水江上游水体和表层沉积物样品,分析测试营养元素的总量及各形态含量,研究其在流域的空间分布特征及变化趋势。研究结果表明,水体及沉积物中N,P含量变化呈现明显的空间分布特征,具体表现为上下游城市段明显高于中游农村段,水体中N,P含量的变化波动较大,受人类活动影响明显,而沉积物中N,P含量的变化相对稳定。N在水体的无机态形式较高,在沉积物则以有机态的形式存在,P在水体和沉积物中则均主要以无机态形式存在。水体及沉积物中N,P的各项比例表明,营养元素的组成受局部环境影响较大。相关性分析表明,沉积物中无机态氮是水体中N的重要来源之一。To understand the water quality of mountaino us river in southwest China, water and sediment samples were collected along the upstream of Qingshui river, Guizhou province. The concentrations of nutrients and their forms were detected to study the spatial distribution characteristics and the change trends of nutrients in river basin. The results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus contents in water and sediments revealed a significant variant distributions in space. The researches of river nearby cities displayed obvious higher nutrients than those in village section of middle, where the variability of nitrogen and phosphorus contents was much bigger in waters than in sediments, which were significantly affected by human activities.Nitrogen in waters were mainly in the inorganic forms and the organic forms dominated in sediments. But phosphorus in waters and sediments existed mainly in inorganic forms. The compositions of nutrient elements were greatly influenced by the local environment based on the proportions of nitrogen and phosphorus in waters and sediments. Correlation analysis showed that the inorganic nitrogen in sediments was the important source of nitrogen in waters.

关 键 词：水体 沉积物 营养元素 空间分布 清水江 

分 类 号：X5[环境科学与工程—环境工程]