鄂西北一次超级单体风暴的多普勒天气雷达观测分析  

Analysis on weather process of supercell storm in northwest of Hubei province

作　　者：牛奔 张家国 吴涛 叶丽梅[3] 刘希文 

机构地区：[1]武汉中心气象台,武汉470074 [2]湖北省仙桃市气象局,仙桃433000 [3]武汉区域气候中心,武汉470074

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2016年第1期45-52,共8页Torrential Rain and Disasters

基　　金：湖北省气象局科技课题项目(2015Q02,2015Q01,2015Y2)

摘　　要：利用十堰多普勒天气雷达资料和高空地面观测资料对2013年5月23日凌晨发生在十堰地区的强超级单体风暴过程进行了详细的分析。干暖盖、强垂直风切变、高空辐散、低空辐合特征为超级单体的形成提供了良好的环境场;喇叭口地形、地形抬高冷池出流和雷暴出流与低层暖湿气流产生的扰动是超级单体爆发性增强的关键原因;多普勒天气雷达观测表现为典型钩状回波、低层有界弱回波区和"穹隆"、中气旋、回波墙等超级单体特征;4D-VAR风场反演结果表明超级单体内,上升气流从前端低层进入,然后倾斜上升,至高层后随高空风向外流出,下沉气流从云后中低层流出,这是成熟的超级单体所具有的典型流场结构;中层干冷气流夹卷使得雷暴群整体更有组织性并具有更长的生命史,有利于强灾害性天气的产生。Base on routine observation and Doppler weather radar data, a supercell storm in northwest of Hubei province is analyzed. The result shows that the dry and warm lid, strong vertical wind shear, upper divergence and low level convergence provided a favorable environmental condition for the supercell storm. Trumpet shaped topography, uplifted cold pool outflow and disturbance produced by lower level of warm air are the key factors for local thunderstorm＇ s enhancement. There are many supercell features in Doppler radar echo, such as hookecho, bounded weak echo region, vault, meso-cyclone, echo wall, etc. The results of 4D-VAR wind field retrieval show that the updraft at storm front and back and inflow in low level introduced a clear convergent rotational effect. When the dry cold updraft further advanced to the warm stream in low level, a strong inflow was formed. Then a strong divergent rotation at the upper level was produced. Middle level dry cold air entrainment makes the thunderstorm more organized and lasted longer, which is in favor of producing strong disastrous weather.

关 键 词：超级单体 雷暴增强 冷池 有界弱回波区 中气旋 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]