3D打印技术研究现状和关键技术  

Research Status and Key Technologies of 3D Printing

作　　者：张学军[1] 唐思熠[1] 肇恒跃 郭绍庆[1] 李能[1] 孙兵兵[1] 陈冰清[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空材料研究院,北京100095 [2]空军驻沈飞工业集团有限公司军代表室,沈阳110034

出　　处：《材料工程》2016年第2期122-128,共7页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：北京市科委科技创新与产业培育专项(Z141100002814002)

摘　　要：本文首先简要介绍了3D打印技术的基本原理及分类,然后重点介绍了有关金属材料3D打印的几种方法:电子束熔化成形(EBM)、激光选区熔化成形(SLM)、激光快速成形技术(LDMD)。简述了金属材料3D打印的应用领域及国内外发展情况及研究现状。文章最后结合国内外金属材料3D打印的研究现状,指出金属材料3D打印需要在打印用粉末、金属3D打印设备、3D打印零件无损检测方法、3D打印零件的失效行为和寿命预测等方面进行重点研究,并建立3D打印零件的无损检测标准规范以及3D打印材料全面力学性能数据库。After introducing the principle and classification of 3D printing, methods for metal forming using 3D printing were reviewed in details, including electron beam melting （EBM）, selective laser melting （SLM）, laser direct melting deposition （LDMD）. The application fields of metal 3D printing and research status overseas and domestic were also discussed in this paper. At last, based on the cur rent development of metal 3D printing, this paper summarized the key issues that should be solved, which include the quality of powders, the usage of 3D printing equipments, nondestructive testing for 3D printing components, the failure analysis and prediction of lifecycles for 3D printing components. The standards of nondestructive testing for 3D printing components should be established and the database of comprehensive mechanical properties for 3D printing materials should be built.

关 键 词：3D打印 增材制造 金属材料 

分 类 号：TG47[金属学及工艺—焊接]