关于民法典规定客体制度的几点思考  

On Civil Object System of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：郭明瑞[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《政法论丛》2016年第1期46-52,共7页Journal of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：无论是从逻辑上还是从内容上说,民法总则中应规定客体。从立法例上看,各国民法总则大多有客体的规定。我国立法史上也是在民法总则中规定客体的。民法总则规定客体一章的章名应定为民事客体,这既与主体相对应,又与其内容相符。民法典中规定的客体是受法律保护的利益的载体,有的并不能成为任何人的权利的客体,这类客体包括不能为任何人所有的公有公用的天然物、受法律特别保护的野生动植物、非物质文化遗产、宗教财产。现代法上主客体的界限变得已非绝对,人体的分离物不完全具有物性,有的人格要素财产化,有生命的物有一定的主体性,承载人格利益的人格物具有非财产性。这要求在法律上予以特别规定。民法总则中规定的客体制度应适应时代的发展,一是须规定人身权的客体,二是扩大财产权客体范围,三是转变传统的不动产观念;四是顺应电子化的发展趋势。No matter in logic orin the content , civil object should be stipulatedin general provisions of civil law. In comparative law, there are provisions of object stipulated in general provisions of civil law. This is also the requirement of our legislature history. The chapter concerned should be named civil objects , that is not only corre-spond to subjects, but also in complete accordance with its content. The object is the carrier of legal protection interests, Some of which could not be the object of right to anyone, such as natural objects, wild animals and plants under special legal protection, intangible cultural heritage, religious property. In modem law, the boundary of subject and object becomes relative, and the separation of the human body doesn＇ t mean it totally turns to object, some essential factors of legal personality become propertilization, living object become certain subjectivity, and personhood property bearing personality interest becomes non-property, all of which should be stipulated in civil law. The object stipulated in general provisions of civil law should be adapted to the development of the times ： first, it must provide the object of personal right ; second, expand the scope of the object of property rights ; third, change the traditional concepts of real estate; fourth , conform to the trend of the development of electronic.

关 键 词：民法典编纂 民法总则 民事客体 

分 类 号：DF51[政治法律—民商法学]