不同添加剂对玉米秸秆为主的TMR青贮发酵品质及饲用价值的影响  

Effects of Different Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Feed Value of TMR Silage Based on Corn Stalk

作　　者：玛里兰·毕克塔依尔 古丽米拉·拜看 哈丽代·热合木江[1] 阿不都热西提·伊地力 艾比布拉·伊马木[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆百乐凯畜牧科技有限公司,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第3期67-69,73,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2012BAD45B03-02)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨不同添加剂对全混合日粮(TMR)的发酵品质、有氧稳定性、营养成分以及采食性的影响,为更有效地利用玉米秸秆资源提供科学依据。[方法]将粉碎玉米秸秆、紫花苜蓿、糖渣与混合精料按40%、5%、40%和15%的比例混合后,分别添加0.02%复合菌(处理Ⅰ)、0.02%复合菌+1.5%尿素(处理Ⅱ)、1.5%尿素(处理Ⅲ)、0.02%复合菌+1.5%尿素+0.1%食盐(处理Ⅳ),将混合原料的水分含量调整至45%并调制全混合TMR青贮,并利用上述TMR青贮进行了绵羊饲喂试验,研究不同添加剂对全混合日粮的发酵品质、有氧稳定性、营养成分以及采食性的影响。[结果]发酵过程中各处理TMR青贮饲料的温度无明显升高。乳酸和总酸含量在各处理间无显著差异(P>0.05),但尿素添加处理青贮的p H呈略升高趋势。处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ、ⅣCP含量均增加至10%以上,比对照提高30%以上,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。随着有氧暴露时间的延长,各处理TMR青贮的乳酸含量减少,而p H上升,但前4 d内的变化相对缓慢。处理Ⅳ的干物质采食量、采食率、干物质消化率显著高于其他处理组(P<0.05)。[结论]以玉米秸秆为主的全混合日粮中添加复合菌、尿素和盐调制发酵TMR的效果最佳,提高其TMR青贮的贮藏性,改善适口性和饲料价值,可供在生产上可以推广使用。[ Objective ] To investigate the effects of different additives on thee fermentation quality, aerobic stability, nutritional ingredient and the feed value of total mixed ration （ TMR）, and to provide scientific basis for the effective utilization of corn stalk. [ Method ] Crushed corn stalk, alfalfa hay, sugar beet residue and concentrate feed were mixed at the ratios of 40%, 5%, 40% and 15%, respectively. Then,we added 0.02% compound bacteria （treatment I） , 0.02% compound bacteria ＋ 1.5% urea （treatment Ⅱ）, 1.5% urea （treatment Ⅲ）, 0.02% com- pound bacteria ＋ 1.5% urea ＋ 0.1% salt （treatment IV）. The moisture content of mixed material was adjusted to45%, and prepared to TMR silage. After feeding the sheep by TMR silage, we studied the effects of different additives on the fermentation quality, aerobic stability, nutri- tional ingredient and the feed value of TMR. [ Result ] During the fermentation process of each treatment, temperature of TMR silage had no ob- vious rise. There was no significant differences in the lactic acid and total acid contents between two treatments （P 〉0.05）, but the pH value in urea treatment was slightly higher. Crude protein （CP） contents in treatments lI, 111 and IV all increased to more than 10%, enhancing by more than 30% compared with the control. Contents of neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） reduced significantly （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. With the extension of aerobic exposure time, lactic acid content in each treatment reduced as pH value enhanced. But the changes in the first four days were relatively slow. The feed intake, feed intake rate and dry matter digestibility of treatment 1V were all significantly higher than other treatments （P 〈 0.05）. [ Conclusion] TMR silage based on corn stalk has the optimal effects when adding compound bacteria, urea and salt, which improves the storage of TMR silage, the palatability and feed value, and can be extended in production.

关 键 词：玉米秸秆 TMR青贮 发酵品质 采食性 绵羊 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]