1980年以来黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑流域土地利用变化时空特征  

Spatial-temporal characteristics of land use changes in the ten tributaries of Yellow River in Inner-Mongolia since 1980

作　　者：刘晓林[1] 杨胜天[1] 周旭[1,2] 管亚兵 王志伟[1] 陈珂[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,遥感科学国家重点实验室,环境遥感与数字城市北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技》2016年第1期30-36,共7页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAB02B00);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201101037);中央高校基本科研业务费专项~~

摘　　要：研究黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑(以下简称十大孔兑)流域土地利用变化,对于区域生态环境建设和水土保持效果评价有重要意义。根据1980年、1998年、2010年3期遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,采用土地利用动态变化和土地利用转移矩阵,系统分析了十大孔兑流域1980年以来的土地利用变化时空特征。结果表明:研究区以耕地、草地和未利用地为主要土地利用类型,1980年以来草地面积逐渐增加,未利用地面积逐渐减少,1998年-2010年较1980年-1998年的土地利用变化幅度和变化速度提高。1980年-1998年和1998年-2010年,土地利用转移方向主要是未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化,低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化,中覆盖草地向高覆盖草地转化,该转化主要分布在流域的上中游,以流域东部和西部最明显。1980年-1998年间低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化比例较高,1998年-2010年间未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化比例较高。分析认为,1980年以来十大孔兑流域城镇化水平提高,林草水保措施力度增强、成效显著,区域生态环境改善,特别是国家实施"退耕还林(草)"生态修复政策后,生态环境改善效果更为突出。The study of the land use changes in the ten tributaries of Yellow River in Inner-Mongolia is of great significance for not only the construction of regional ecological environment,but also the evaluation of water and soil conservation effects.Based on the land use data interpreted from remote sensing images in 1980,1998 and 2010,the spatial and temporal variation of land use in the ten tributaries since 1980 was analyzed from the land use dynamic change and the direction of land use transformation.Some conclusions can be drawn as follows：First,Arable land,grassland and unused land were the major land use types in the ten tributaries.The area of grassland gradually increased,while unused land decreased since 1980.The rate and speed of variation were higher during 1998-2010 than 1980-1998.Second,during 1980-1998 and 1998-2010,the directions of land use change were mainly as follows：unused land was converted to low and middle coverage grassland,low coverage grassland to middle and high coverage grassland,middle coverage grassland to high coverage grassland.The area of conversion were mainly distributed in the upper and middle basin of the ten tributaries.The largest area of conversion of low coverage grassland to middle and high coverage grassland was obtained during 1980-1998.While the largest unused land to low and middle coverage grassland was observed during 1998-2010.The urbanization level had grown,water and soil conservation of forest and grass had been enhanced,regional ecological environment had been improved in the ten tributaries since 1980,and more outstanding improvement effects were found after the launch of bioenvironmental recovering policy of Grain to Green Program（GTGP）in 1999.

关 键 词：土地利用 时空特征 林草水保措施 遥感解译 十大孔兑 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]