黑龙江省西部半干旱区玉米膜下滴灌水、氮、磷耦合效应分析  

The Coupling Effect of Water,N and P with Drip Irrigation Under Plastic Film on Maize Yield in Semi-arid Region of Western Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：张忠学[1,2] 聂堂哲 王栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与建筑学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第2期1-4,共4页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD12B01)

摘　　要：水分和养分是半干旱区粮食生产的两大重要因子。因此,研究膜下滴灌条件下水肥耦合效应对玉米产量的影响具有重大的生产指导意义。采用311-D最优饱和设计,在膜下滴灌条件下,开展了玉米产量效应的田间试验研究。通过对玉米产量进行二次回归拟合,建立了各因素的回归数学模型。结果分析表明,施氮量、施磷量、灌水量对玉米产量的影响均为正效应,其中施氮量为主要影响因素,灌水量和施磷量次之。各因素交互效应顺序：氮水〉磷水〉氮磷,其中氮磷、氮水交互表现为正效应,磷水交互表现为相互替代作用。从产量角度,通过频数分析对模型寻优,在实际大面积生产中要获得大于14 000kg/hm^2的产量,在固定钾肥用量为250kg/hm^2时,氮肥量范围290.73-315.81kg/hm^2、磷肥量范围125.50-147.40kg/hm^2、灌水量范围505.60-587.95m3/hm^2。Water and fertilizer are two important factors of food production in semi-arid areas.Therefore,it is of great significance for actual production to study the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on maize yields with drip irrigation under plastic films.A field experiment on maize yield was conducted with 311-D optimized saturation design.A mathematical quadratic regression model was established based on the data of maize yield.The results show that,N,P and water（W）have a positive effect on maize yield and N is the main factor,followed by W and P.The order of interactive effects between factors is N and WP and WN and P,among which,N and W and NP show a positive effect,while,P and W shows a substitute effect.From the view of yield,in order to get the maize yield more than 14 000kg/hm^2,the range of fertilizer amount is：N 290.73-315.81kg/hm^2,P 125.50-147.40kg/hm^2,irrigation water 505.60-587.95m3/hm^2,when K is fixed at 250kg/hm^2.

关 键 词：玉米 膜下滴灌 水肥耦合 

分 类 号：TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]