基于GNSS的列车定位单元设计与性能评估方法  

Design of and Performance Evaluation Methods for GNSS-based Train Positioning Unit

作　　者：上官伟[1,2] 袁敏[1] 肖杰[1] 蔡伯根[1] 王剑[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学电子信息工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《铁道学报》2016年第2期64-73,共10页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目(2014DFA80260);国家自然科学基金(61490705;U1334211);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2013JBM007);北京市高等学校"青年英才计划"(YETP0538);北京交通大学基本科研业务费(2015YJS020)

摘　　要：基于全球导航卫星系统GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)的列车定位单元具有覆盖范围广、定位精度高、维护成本低的特点,能满足现代铁路连续定位的性能要求,适合低密度线路的定位。本文设计基于GNSS的列车定位单元,针对系统性能中重要的两个参数的可靠性和安全性进行定性和定量计算。利用故障树分析方法,以定位单元无法完成定位功能为顶事件建立故障树进行分析。采用基于计算机的安全系统可靠性PDS方法,对定位单元的硬件安全完整性等级SIL(Safety Integrity Level)评价指标和每小时危险失效概率PFH(Probability of Failure per Hour)进行定量计算。实验结果显示:列车定位单元满足系统可靠性要求,各子系统板的安全性达到SIL2等级,经过功能验证实验,列车定位单元的实际定位误差小于2m,能够满足列车定位精度要求。GNSS（Global Navigation Satellite System）based train positioning unit,with the characteristics of wide coverage,high positioning precision and low maintenance cost,can satisfy the performance requirements of modern railway for continuous positioning and is suitable for the positioning of low density railway.In this paper,a GNSS based train positioning unit was designed.The qualitative and quantitative analysis on the reliability and safety of the positioning unit was carried out.By using the fault tree method,the fault tree was constructed with the failure of the positioning unit to achieve the positioning function as the top event.Quantitative calculation was conducted on the evaluation indexes of the SIL（Safety Integrity Level）and PFH（Probability of Failure per Hour）of the hardware of the positioning unit by using Reliability Quantification of Computer-Based Safety Systems（PDS）method.The experiment results proved that the train positioning unit can satisfy the system reliability requirements and the safety of every subsystem board reached SIL2 level.Under functional verification experiment,the train positioning unit,with actual positioning error of less than 2meters,can satisfy the requirements of train positioning accuracy.

关 键 词：列车定位单元 故障树 可靠性 安全完整性等级 PDS 

分 类 号：U283.2[交通运输工程—交通信息工程及控制]