无压灌溉条件下不同滴灌施氮量对樱桃生长发育及产量的影响  

Influence of Different Fertigation Quantity on Growth and Yield of Cherry under Non-pressure Irrigation

作　　者：李蕊[1] 张宽地[2] 陈俊英[2] 

机构地区：[1]杨凌职业技术学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第1期23-26,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51409221;51349001);陕西省科技创新与攻关项目(2013K01-35)

摘　　要：研究无压灌溉条件下不同滴灌施氮量对樱桃生长发育以及产量的影响,为果树水肥科学调控,实现高效节水、高产目标提供理论依据。以樱桃树为试验材料,研究不同出水孔径和施氮量对樱桃生长、生理、产量和灌溉水利用效率的影响。设2个水分水平(出水孔径为8 mm,W1;6 mm,W2和3个施氮水平[N1,N2,N3(200、400、600kg/hm2)]。结果表明:不同出水孔径和施氮量对樱桃树干周、新梢生长量、产量均有显著影响(P<0.05),水肥交互作用对灌溉水利用效率和氮肥偏生产力有极显著性影响(P<0.01)。樱桃植株的干周和新梢生长量随出水孔径和施氮量的增加而增加。W1处理下的樱桃平均干周生长量、新梢生长量和产量分别比W2处理高15.91%,18.72%和2.5%。W1N1处理的单果重和产量均最大,分别达到9.4g和13 077kg/hm2。综合考虑水肥协同效应、节水节肥及高产等多种因素,W1N1处理能兼顾生长、产量、水分利用效率和经济效益,是比较适宜的滴灌施肥水肥组合。The effects of different nitrogen application rate on the growth and yield of cherry under no-pressure irrigation are studied to provide a theoretical basis for achieving target of scientific regulation of fruit and fertilizer,efficient water-saving and high-yield.Taking cherry trees as experimental plant,an experiment is conducted to study the effects of different outlet water orifice diameter and nitrogen fertilizer quantity on cherry growth,physiology,yield and irrigation water use efficiency.The experiment designs two irrigation levels,including outlet water orifice diameter of 8mm,W1 and 6mm,W2,and three nitrogen levels,N1,N2,N3（200、400、600kg/hm^2）.The results show that different outlet water orifice diameter and nitrogen fertilizer quantity have significant effects（P〈0.05）on the cherry tree perimeter of trunk growth,shoot growth,yield and the interaction between water and fertilizer has extremely significant effect on irrigation water use efficiency（IWUE）and nitrogen partial factor productivity（PFP）（P〈0.01）;the perimeter of trunk growth and shoot growth of plants cherries increases with the increase of outlet water orifice diameter and the level of nitrogen;the perimeter of trunk growth,shoot growth and yield of W1 treatment are higher than those of W2 treatment by2.66%,7.36%,15.34% and 59.37%,respectively;the fruit weight and yield of W1N2 treatment reach the maximum,9.4g and13 077kg/hm^2,respectively;comprehensively considering the aspects of fertilizer synergistic effect,water and fertilizer saving,and high yield,the W1N2 treatment can take into account the growth,yield,water use efficiency and economic benefit,so it is suitable for fertigation combination.

关 键 词：无压灌溉 施氮量 樱桃生长 樱桃产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]