利用虹鳟微卫星标记评价白斑红点鲑养殖群体的遗传结构  

Evaluation of Genetic Potential of Siberian Char Salvelinus leucomaenis Cultured Population Using Microsatellite Markers from Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

作　　者：鲁翠云[1] 曹顶臣[1] 李永发[1] 李超[1] 孙志鹏[1] 孙效文[1] 白庆利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2016年第1期1-7,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD25B10);国家科技基础条件平台(水产种质资源平台)

摘　　要：本实验筛选出30个虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss微卫星标记在白斑红点鲑Salvelinus leucomaenis养殖群体中表现出多态性,并利用这30个标记来评价白斑红点鲑养殖群体的遗传结构。在随机采样的32个个体中共检测到143个等位基因,片段大小为106-454bp,标记的等位基因数（No）为2-11个,有效等位基因数（Ne）为1.135-7.161个,观测杂合度（Ho）为0.094-1.000,期望杂合度（He）为0.121-0.874,多态信息含量（PIC）为0.116-0.846。群体的5项遗传多样性参数平均值分别为4.767、3.006、0.423、0.568,及0.524。统计结果显示：白斑红点鲑养殖群体处于高度多态水平（PIC=0.524≥0.5）。经χ-2检验估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡,结果表明白斑红点鲑群体处于平衡状态,仅11个微卫星标记显著偏离了遗传平衡,其中OMM1112、OMM1130和OMM1231等6个标记表现为杂合子显著缺失（P〈0.05）,而OMM3006、OMM3044和OMM3144等5个标记表现为杂合子显著过剩（P〈0.05）。本实验从近缘种中鉴定可用于白斑红点鲑遗传分析的共显性标记,评估白斑红点鲑种质的遗传多样性,为该引进种种质的保护和持续利用提供参考。In this study, 30 microsatellite markers from rainbow trout（Oncorhynchus mykiss）were selected to analyze the genetic structure of Siberian char（Salvelinus leucomaenis）in cultured population including 32 individuals. A total of 143 alleles were detected and the fragments were ranged from 106 to 454 bp in length. The number of alleles per locus was ranged from two to eleven and the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.135 to 7.161 with the average of 4.767 and 3.006, respectively. The observed heterozygosity（Ho）and the expected heterozygosity（He）were varied from 0.094 to 1.000（mean=0.423）and from 0.121 to 0.874（mean=0.568）,respectively. The value of polymorphic information content（PIC）was changed from 0.116 to 0.846 with an average of 0.524, and this result indicated that the genetic diversity of population was at high level（PIC=0.524 ≥0.5）. The population accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium checking by χ-2test except 11 markers. 6 markers indicated significant heterozygote deficiency including OMM1112, OMM1130, OMM1231, OMM1329, OMM1772 and BX076085. 5 markers indicated significant heterozygote excess including OMM3006, OMM3044, OMM3144, OMM5219, and OMM5266. In this study, microsatellite markers were detected from related species to access genetic diversity of Siberian char. These findings will provide a basis for genetic breeding, genetic conservation and use in Siberian char.

关 键 词：白斑红点鲑 微卫星标记 遗传结构 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]