免疫规划工作人员对疫苗安全性及风险沟通意识的定性调查  

Qualitative survey on awareness of vaccine safety and risk communication among immunization program staffs

作　　者：岳晨妍[1] 张旋[1] 褚尧竹 段梦娟[1] 崔健[1] 崔富强[1] 李黎[1] 周玉清[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心,北京100050

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2016年第1期12-14,48,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：WHO 2013-2014项目:儿童监护人预防接种知信行现状评估项目(CHN-13-EPI-001054)

摘　　要：目的了解免疫规划工作人员对疫苗安全性及风险沟通意识,为开展有针对性的培训提供依据。方法东、中、西部各选取2个省,每个省分别调查省、地(市)、县级疾病预防控制中心免疫规划工作人员各1人、乡镇卫生院或社区卫生服务中心免疫规划工作人员4人。采用统一设计好的访谈提纲开展个人深入访谈。结果共访谈40人,所有受访者都认为国产疫苗和进口疫苗是安全有效的,少数受访者(7/40)认为进口疫苗比国产疫苗好。部分基层工作人员对脊髓灰质炎灭活疫苗不了解。受访者认为如果出现负面新闻报道等情况,儿童监护人对预防接种信任程度就会受到影响。多数有疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)处理经验的受访者(23/24)认为处理AEFI最重要的是做好沟通和解释、组织专家鉴定、对症治疗等。约1/3的受访者(15/40)认为医生是儿童监护人获取免疫规划信息的重要途径。结论需提高免疫规划工作人员对于国产疫苗安全性的认识,加强对基层工作人员IPV疫苗相关知识的培训。此外,需重视对免疫规划工作人员沟通能力的培训,提高传播知识的能力和技巧。Objective To learn awareness of vaccine safety and risk communication among immunization program staffs, and provide evidence for targeted training. Methods 6 provinces were selected from the eastern, central and western regions of China, 2 provinces from each region. 1 immunization program staff was selected from each province, municipality and county disease control and prevention centers separately, 4 immunization program staffs were selected from township health centers or community health service centers in each province. Unified interview outline was used in individual in-depth inter- view. Results Totally 40 respondents accepted interview. All respondents thought that domestic and imported vaccines were safe and effective. A few respondents （7/40） thought that imported vaccines were better than domestic vaccines. Some grassroots staffs didn＇ t know much about inactivated polio vaccine. Respondents thought negative reports had negative influence on children caregiver＇ s confidence in vaccinatioru The majority of respondents who had experience in dealing with adverse event following immunization （AEFI） （23/24） thought communication, explanation, organization experts assessment, and treatment were important in dealing with AEFI. One third of respondents （15/40） thought doctor was the most important transmission method for children caregiver obtaining vaccination knowledge. Conclusion It is needed to improve immunization program staff＇s awareness on domestic vaccine to strengthen training grassroots staff on IPV knowledge. In addition, it is important to train immunization program staff on communication, improve their ability and skill of spreading information.

关 键 词：免疫规划工作人员 疫苗安全性 风险沟通 意识 定性调查 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R186[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]