2011年秋冬我国中东部大雾结构特征分析  

Analysis on Structural Features of Heavy Fog in Middle and Eastern China during Winter 2011

作　　者：袁方[1] 王雯燕 翟园 唐文哲 徐军昶 巩在武[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,江苏南京210044 [2]西安市气象局,陕西西安710016

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期72-76,共5页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71171115)

摘　　要：对雾区相对湿度垂直结构分布变化的监测一直缺乏直观有效的方法,探空观测能够填补观测不足并提供可靠的气象资料。本文利用2011年秋冬我国六时次高空气象观测资料,通过与卫星监测、地面观测雾区对比的方式,分析中东部雾区垂直方向气象要素的变化情况。结果表明,(1)雾区温度变化有等温、贴地逆温和低层逆温三种类型,其中贴地逆温出现次数最多,约占记录总数的52%;(2)雾区相对湿度变化有两种类型:等湿和相对湿度增大,其中等湿记录出现次数最多,约占记录总数的88%,统计数据说明雾区水汽接近均匀分布;(3)雾区风向随高度变化方式主要有顺时针偏转、相对静稳(风向不变、风速为零)和先顺后逆转等变化,其中顺时针偏转和相对静稳出现次数约占记录总数的71%;雾区风速变化低于1 m·s-1的记录约占总数的77%,研究时段内的雾区多为在暖平流控制的天气形势下生成,层结稳定。雾区不同方式观测的存在差异的原因,一是卫星监测的雾区容易受低云干扰造成误判,二是高空气象探测无法剔除降水天气干扰,雾区范围较大。There was lacking of an intuitive and effective monitoring method for a vertical structure change of relative humidity in the heavy fog area, however the radiosonde observation could make up to provide some reliable data for it. This paper analyzed the changes of meteorological elements in the vertical direction in the heavy fog area of the middle and eastern China in Autumn and Winter of 2011 through the contrast of data from the satellite monitoring and ground observation at six times. The results showed there were three types of temperature changes, including isotherm, surface inversion and low-level inversion, most of them was surface inversion accounting for 52% of the total number of records.There were two types of relative humidity changes in fog area, including constant humidity, which was observed most frequently accounting for 88% in all and relative humidity increased. This statistical data showed that a nearly uniform distribution of the water vapor mist existed. The types of wind direction changes with height included mainly clockwise deflection, relatively static stability（constant wind direction and wind speed is zero） and firstly clockwise and then reverse etc. Clockwise deflection and appear relatively stable accounted for nearly 71% of total; wind speed less than 1 m·s-1accounts for about 77%. A stable stratification of fog was achieved by weather situation under the control of the warm advection in study period. Moreover, the reasons of differences among observation methods was analyzed in this paper.There was erroneous judgement caused by interference of satellite monitoring fog zone due to low clouds and large fog area due to altitude meteorological detection could not reject interference of precipitation.

关 键 词：大雾 结构特征 2011年 

分 类 号：P412.23[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]