不同料型和粉碎粒度对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和消化道发育的影响  

Effect of Diet Form and Size on the Growth, Slaughter Performance and Development of Digestive Tract

作　　者：张亮[1] 杨在宾[1] 杨维仁[1] 姜淑贞[1] 张桂国[1] 梁明[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第1期139-146,共8页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：选择健康1日龄AA肉仔鸡雏鸡576只,随机分成8个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。研究制粒和粉碎粒度对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和消化道发育的影响。结果表明:与粉状饲料相比,颗粒饲料能够显著提高肉鸡的ADFI和ADG(P<0.05),显著降低F/G(P<0.05),改善肉鸡的生产性能;肉鸡饲喂粉料,不同粒度对ADFI,ADG和F/G有差异(P<0.05),而饲喂不同粉碎粒度制成颗粒饲料,不影响肉鸡的ADFI、ADG和F/G(P>0.05)。在粉料和颗粒饲料采食量一致的情况下,颗粒饲料能显著提高日增重,降低料重比。饲喂粉料和颗粒饲料的肉鸡达到同样出栏体重,饲养周期至少增加2周以上。与粉料相比,颗粒饲料显著提高了42日龄时肉鸡的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率(P<0.05)。无论是粉料还是颗粒饲料,饲料原料粉碎粒度(378、430、516、590μm)均没有影响肉鸡各种屠宰性能指标(P>0.05);饲喂粉状饲料的肉鸡,腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、小肠和盲肠的相对重量和十二指肠、空肠、回肠、小肠和盲肠的相对长度均显著大于颗粒饲料组(P<0.05)。饲喂粉料肉鸡的肌胃相对体重随粉碎粒度的变大而呈线性增大(P<0.05)。肉鸡饲喂颗粒饲料能够提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能。饲喂粉料达到同样生产成绩需要延长饲养周期至少2周。对于颗粒饲料,不同粉碎粒度(378、430、516、590μm)不影响肉鸡的ADFI,ADG和F/G;对于粉料,肉小鸡430μm粒度组的ADFI,ADG和F/G最优;肉大鸡378μm和430μm组的ADFI,ADG和F/G显著高于其他组。采食粉料肉鸡的促进了消化系统的发育。576 1-d-old AA broilers were randomly distributed into 8 treatments（12 birds in a replication, 6 replications in a treatment） to evaluate the effect of pelleting and grinding on the growth, slaughter performance and development of digestive tract. Compared to the mash, pellets could improve ADFI and ADG（P〈0.05）, reduce F/G（P〈0.05）. For the mash, the effect of size on ADFI, ADG and F/G was different（P〈0.05）, while the particle size had no effect on ADFI, ADG, and F/G of broilers fed on pellets（P〈0.05）. When the FI was similar for the mash and pellets, pellets could improve ADG and reduce F/G. If the body weight of broilers fed on mash and pellets was equal, the cultivation period of mash would increase two weeks at least. Compared to the mash, pellets resulted in higher slaughter yield, empty yield, half-empty yield, breast muscle yield, leg muscle yield and abdominal fat（P〈0.05）. The particle size had no effect on the slaughter performance of broilers fed on mash and pellets（P〉0.05）. The mash had higher the relative weight of gizzard, proventriculus, duodenum, jejunum,ileum, intestine and cucem and the relative length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, intestine and cucem（P〈0.05）. From 378 μm to 590 μm, the relative weight of gizzard was linearly increasing（P〈0.05）, and the effects were significant（P〈0.05）. In summary, pellets resulted in higher growth and slaughter performance. Broilers fed on mash could receive the equal performance compared with fed on pellets, while the cultivation period will be increased by at least two weeks. For the pellets, the particle size had no effect on the ADF, ADG and F/G. For the mash, the starters of 430 μm had optimization production performance, while the performance of growers fed on 378 and 430 μm were better than the others. The mash would promote the development of digestive tract.

关 键 词：料型 粒度 生长 肉鸡 

分 类 号：S831.5[农业科学—畜牧学]