南海鸢乌贼产量与表温及水温垂直结构的关系  

Relationship between the catch of Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis and surface temperature and the vertical temperature structure in the South China Sea

作　　者：晏磊[1] 张鹏[1] 杨炳忠[1] 陈森[1] 李亚男[2] 李渊[3] 宋普庆[3] 林龙山[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]中国科学院南海海洋研究所,海洋环境检测中心,广东广州510301 [3]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,海洋生物与生态实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第2期469-477,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA092303);全球变化与海气相互作用专项(GASI-02-SCS-YSWspr;GASI-02-SCS-YSWaut);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD13B06);中国科学院热带海洋生物资源与生态重点实验室开放基金资助项目(LMB141004)

摘　　要：根据2012年9—10月秋季航次及2013年3—4月春季航次南海灯光罩网船各站点的水温数据及生产数据,对鸢乌贼（Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis）产量与表温（SST）及水温垂直结构的关系进行了分析。结果显示,春季是鸢乌贼的高产渔期,总产量及平均网产都明显高于秋季;鸢乌贼作业渔场的季节变化较为明显,春季南沙和西中沙海域都有渔场分布,产量主要集中在10°~15°N、111°~117°E海域内,而秋季鸢乌贼产量主要集中在13°~15°N、117°~118°E海域;鸢乌贼春季和秋季作业渔场的SST范围有所差异,春季作业渔场表温范围为25.6~29.6℃,秋季作业渔场表温范围为27.6~30.0℃,但最适表温都分布于28.5~29.5℃的海域;不同季节作业渔场水温垂直结构差异明显,从5~50 m水温垂直梯度来看,春季鸢乌贼0.00~0.05℃/m组距内平均网产较高,且随着水温垂直梯度的增加而减少;而秋季鸢乌贼平均网产随水温垂直梯度的增加而增加,并于0.15~0.20℃/m组距内达到最高。灰色关联度分析表明,5~50 m水温垂直梯度是对鸢乌贼产量影响最显著的因子,关联度为0.84,纬度、5~100 m水温垂直梯度、表温和经度影响次之。The purpleback squid（Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis） is widely distributed in the South China Sea and northwestern Indian Ocean, with significant diurnal vertical movement. Therefore, it is very important to study the relationship between the catch of S. oualaniensis, the surface temperature and the vertical temperature structure. Based on catch data from a light-falling net fishing vessel and temperature data in the South China Sea from September to October 2012 and March to April 2013, the relationships among the catch per net of S. oualaniensis, surface temperature and vertical temperature structure were studied. The degree of gray incidence was used to confirm the greatest factors affecting the catch of S. oualaniensis. The results indicated that spring was the best fishing period for S. oualaniensis; the total catch and the catch per net were obviously higher than that in autumn. Thus there was obvious seasonal variation in the fishing grounds of S. oualaniensis. The catch was mainly concentrated in the waters near 10°–15°N, 111°–117°E in spring, and in the waters near 13°–15°N, 117°–118°E in autumn. The suitable sea surface temperature（SST） in the fishing grounds was 25.6–29.6℃ in spring and 27.6–30.0℃ in autumn; however, the optimum SST of S. oualaniensis was the same at 28.5–29.5℃ in spring and autumn. The temperature gradient in the fishing grounds was different between spring and autumn when choosing the S15 and S22 sites as representative sites. A thermoclineboth in spring and autumn was formed in the water layer at 50–100 m, and the thermocline intensity in spring was higher than in autumn. The catch per net of S. oualaniensis decreased with the increase in the temperature gradient from 5 m to 50 m in spring, and the catch per net in the class interval of 0.00–0.05℃/m was higher than the others. By contrast, the catch per net of S. oualaniensis increased with the increase in the temperature gradient from 5 m to 50 m in autumn, and the catch per net in the class

关 键 词：灯光罩网 鸢乌贼 表温 水温垂直结构 南海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]