不同种植方式下油菜产量形成与花后氮素积累运转比较  

Effects of cultivation patterns on seed yield,N accumulation and translocation of rapeseed

作　　者：孙华[1] 黄萌[1] 陈培峰[1] 张建栋[1] 乔中英[1] 宋英[1] 沈明星[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏太湖地区农业科学研究所,江苏苏州215155

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第1期58-64,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业油菜产业技术体系建设(CARS-13);国家科技支撑计划(2010BAD01B10);中央公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001-02);江苏省科技支撑计划(BE2012327);江苏省农业三新工程项目(SXGC[2015]088);苏州市科技支撑计划(SNG201440)

摘　　要：研究不同种植方式下产量形成与氮素积累运转特性,为油菜轻简化栽培条件下氮肥运筹的合理制定提供理论依据。以苏油6号为材料,设置稻草全量还田机械起垄开沟摆栽(A)、稻草不还田机械起垄开沟摆栽(B)、稻草全量还田免耕人工穴栽(C)、稻草不还田免耕人工穴栽(D)、人工直播(E)5种不同种植方式,研究其对油菜产量、干物质积累与氮素积累、运转的影响。结果表明:不同种植方式下油菜产量的差异达显著水平,机械起垄开沟摆栽处理产量显著高于免耕穴栽和直播;从产量构成因素看,机械起垄开沟摆栽处理显著提高了单株角果数和每角粒数;在2种移栽方式下稻草全量还田与不还田产量差异不明显。各时期干物质积累量均表现为机械起垄开沟摆栽>免耕穴栽>直播,随着生育进程的推进差异变大。不同种植方式对氮素积累与运转有显著影响,初花至终花期、终花至成熟期氮素的阶段累积量均表现为A>B>C>D>E;与直播相比,2种移栽方式(A和B)均能显著提高花后茎秆和叶的氮素转运量及其叶的转运率,但茎秆转运率和贡献率却低于直播。机械起垄开沟摆栽能显著提高油菜干物质的生产和花后植株氮素的积累与运转,从而增产。To simplify rapeseed cultivation,yield formation and N accumulation and translocation under different planting patterns,5 patterns of A- E were used for this study. A： ridging and seedling- set by machine with rice straw returning to soil. B： ridging and seedling- set by machine without rice straw. C： manual- digging- hole transplanting with rice straw returning to soil. D： manual- digging hole transplanting without rice straw. E： direct-sowing. Traits of cultivar Suyou 6 including yield,dry matter accumulation,N accumulation and translocation were investigated. Results showed that yield under pattern A was significantly higher than those under manual- digging- hole transplanting and direct- sowing. Yield increases under ridging and seedling- set by machine were mainly resulted from significantly increased pods per plant and seeds per pod. Yield under all- rice- straw- returning to soil and no- rice- straw- returning had no significant difference. Dry matter accumulation under pattern A was the highest with the order of A（ and B）〉 C（ and D） 〉E. Difference of the accumulation grew with the seedling development. Significant difference was found on N accumulation and translocation under different patterns. During the period of early- to- end flowering and end flowering to maturity,N accumulation order was A〉 B〉 C〉 D〉 E.Compared to direct- sowing（ E）,the 2 transplanting patterns（ A and B） significantly increased N translocation of stem and leaf after flowering. But stem N translocation and contribution were lower than those of E. In summary,both ridging and seedling set by machine（ A and B） patterns significantly increased dry matter production of rapeseed,N accumulation and translocation after flowering,which further improved rapeseed yield.

关 键 词：种植方式 油菜 产量 干物质积累 氮素积累运转 

分 类 号：S565.404[农业科学—作物学]