不同营养元素缺乏对甘蓝型油菜苗期生长和根系形态的影响  

Effects of different nutrient deficiencies on growth and root morphological changes of rapeseed seedlings(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：韩配配 秦璐[1] 李银水[1] 廖祥生[1] 徐子先[1] 余常兵[1] 胡小加[1] 谢立华[1] 廖红[2] 廖星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]华南农业大学农学院,根系生物学研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2016年第1期88-97,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503123-9);国家农业产业技术体系(nycytx)

摘　　要：为了解营养元素缺乏对油菜苗期生长及根系形态的影响,根据甘蓝型油菜苗前期生长的养分需求特点,设置了营养液栽培条件下不同缺素处理的合适浓度,培养28d后,系统分析了甘蓝型油菜中双11在氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、硼、铁、铜、锌等营养元素缺乏条件下的表型特征、植株生物量、根冠比、叶绿素(a、b)、类胡萝卜素、花青素以及根系形态指标的变化。结果表明,不同缺素处理的油菜表型差异较大,大量元素氮、磷、钾的缺乏对油菜生长的影响极为显著;中微量元素钙、镁、硼、铁、铜、锌的缺乏也不同程度地抑制了油菜的生长。不同处理下叶片表现出不同的缺素特征,叶片(新叶、老叶)色素存在明显变化,并且差异显著。铁是影响新叶叶绿素(a、b)合成最大的元素,缺铁显著地阻碍新叶叶绿素合成;锌是对新叶叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素影响最大的元素,缺锌促进了其在新叶中的积累;而缺硼对老叶中花青素含量的积累影响最大。此外,不同缺素处理对油菜根部生物量、根冠比及根系生长发育的影响有所不同,除缺铁、缺锌外,其它缺素处理根部生物量都显著减少;缺氮、缺磷、缺钙、缺铁、缺铜和缺锌显著增加根冠比;缺氮、缺磷、缺镁、缺铜和缺锌处理显著增加主根长,缺氮、缺磷处理显著增加侧根长,缺钾、缺钙和缺硼处理显著抑制主根和侧根的生长。To better understand the effects of nutritional deficiencies on rapeseed roots,experiments were designed according to rapeseed（ Brassica napus L.） nutrient requirement at seedling stage. Different nutrient deficiencies in hydroponics were applied for 28 d cultivation using cultivar Zhongshuang 11（ ZS11） as material,the changes（ including phenotype,biomass,root- shoot ratio,chlorophyll（ a,b）,carotenoid content and root morphological traits） respond to N,P,K,Ca,Mg,B,Fe,Cu,Zn deficiencies were systematically investigated. Results showed that rapeseed seedlings exhibited various typical symptoms under nutrient deficiencies. Seedlings growth was significantly affected by macro- nutrients（ N,P and K） deficiencies. Iron deficiency dramatically inhibited chlorophyll（ a,b） biosynthesis in young leaves. Zinc deficiency facilitated accumulation of chlorophyll a and carotenoid in young leaves. Boron deficiency had the most influence on anthocyanin content of old leaves. Root biomass,root- shoot ratio and root growth of rapeseed seedlings were also affected by nutrient deficiencies. Root biomasses were significantly decreased by different nutrient deficiencies except Fe and Zn deficiencies. Root- shoot ratio was significantly increased by deficiencies of N,P,Ca,Fe,Cu and Zn. Primary root length was significantly increased by deficiencies of N,P,Mg,Cu and Zn. Lateral root length increased under N and P deficiencies.While both primary and lateral root growth were significantly limited by K,Ca and B deficiencies.

关 键 词：油菜 苗期 缺素 生物量 叶绿素 类胡萝卜素 花青素 根系形态 

分 类 号：S565.406[农业科学—作物学]